Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Other courses

Factors Influencing Price Determination

Base or list price: Refers to the unit price of the product at its point of production or resale. It does not reflect discounts, freight charges, or other adjustments, including allocation for a price leader.

Setting a price for an established product is generally less difficult than pricing a new product.

Estimating Demand

Key steps include:

1. Determine if there is a market-expected price.
2. Estimate potential sales volume at various price points.

Note:

• This is usually expressed as a price range rather than a specific amount.
• Intermediaries should be considered; it is easier to promote products if they align with their pricing expectations.
• Setting a price much lower than market expectations can lead to lost sales.

Rafael Alberti: Themes and Style

Rafael Alberti's unique form of communication conveys vital experiences. Nostalgia allows him to evoke a lost paradise, primarily the sea of Cadiz and, subsequently, Spain. The anguish caused by these losses, coupled with a concern for social issues, led him to address contemporary Spanish reality. His work is characterized by its musicality and varied poetic meter.

Poetic Guidelines

• Neopopularismo: Based on resources and forms of traditional poetry.
• Baroque and Vanguard: Influence and significance of Gongora and the avant-garde.
• Surrealist Poetry: Evident in Sobre los ángeles (1929) and Sermones y moradas (1930).
• Social Poetry: A shift towards social concerns, highlighting the role of the poet in a society in exile.

Arguments in Favor

This issue sparks debate. Notably, there's a compelling argument for it. Another point supporting this stance is... Furthermore, one aspect of this issue is... The main advantage is... Another point in favor is...

Arguments Against

On the other hand, there are counterarguments. The primary drawback is... Another point against it is... I am convinced that... It's important to remember that... It's crucial. It's vital. With this in mind, I believe that...

Personal Perspective

In my point of view, I would say that... I strongly believe that...

Conclusion

In conclusion, considering all perspectives, it's essential to weigh the pros and cons carefully.

Signs, Symbols, and Sacraments

Understanding Their Meaning

Signs, symbols, and sacraments act as indicators, pointing towards deeper realities. For instance, visible symptoms like those in the images above suggest the presence of an underlying illness. The sign mediates communication between the observer and the sickness.

Types of Signs

Many signs are human-made and conventional, such as traffic lights. These require learned interpretation and are not inherently effective; their power lies in the willingness of individuals to obey them.

Other signs are natural and understood through experience. Smoke signifies fire, dark clouds indicate a storm, and laughter symbolizes joy. These signs arise spontaneously from the emotions they represent.

Some... Continue reading "Understanding Signs, Symbols, and Sacraments" »

B-institutional functions:

1. Recruitment and selection of political elites - Parties share the role of recruitment and training with top bureaucrats, business, or intellectuals. Some countries have a closed list system, where the party bureaucracy is very extensive. Parties do not necessarily select the best, but the most disciplined, those who identify more with partisan ideologies and those who criticize less. This phenomenon of co-option of selecting interests creates a bureaucracy within parties, leading to oligarchization. It is consistent with the interests of party professionals who are paid by work.
2. Organization and conduct of elections - Political parties organize the elections and we elect representatives submitted by the parties. The

1. Discuss the Origins of the Cold War

Why did the US and the Soviet Union disagree so drastically on the formulation of the postwar world from 1945-1950? What were some of the main issues that divided the world into “two camps?”

The Cold War lasted from 1946, following the collapse of the anti-Hitler coalition and the establishment of an exclusive zone of Soviet influence in Central Europe, to the disintegration of the Soviet satellite states in 1989 and the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991.

Throughout this period, the confrontation between the two superpowers was fought on multiple fronts: military, ideological, psychological, and economic. The most important element was a technological arms race, including the reinforcement and... Continue reading "Cold War Origins: US-Soviet Tensions 1945-1950" »

Elements of Labor Law

The Employment Relationship

The employment relationship between employers and employees arises as a result of the employment contract.

Defining the Employer

In employment law, the employer is the natural person or legal entity that receives paid services from workers who depend on it.

The TRLET (Workers' Statute) expands this definition to include any person, entity, or community property receiving paid services from those who voluntarily work on their own and within the scope of the latter's organization. This definition:

• Extends to real communities (e.g., a community of owners hiring a janitor; the community is the employer, not each neighbor).
• Requires workers to act within the scope of the employer's organization (orders

Inca Architecture

The Inca architecture is the architectural style that was in effect during the Inca Empire, especially from the reign of Pachacutec Inca Yupanqui until the Spanish conquest (1438-1533).

The architecture developed in the Inca state was characterized by its simplicity of form, solidity, symmetry, and how its buildings harmonized with the landscape. Unlike coastal societies such as the Chimu, the Incas used a fairly sober decoration. The main material used was stone. In simpler constructions, it was placed uncut, but not in the most complex and important ones. Inca builders developed techniques to build huge walls, a mosaic of carved stone blocks that fit perfectly, without even a needle being able to pass through. Often these... Continue reading "Inca Architecture: Characteristics and Building Types" »

Diversity of Reading Goals, Texts, and Ways of Reading: Impact and Implications for Teaching and Learning

A Time to Teach Reading

Teachers must take into account that reading is, above all, a **voluntary and enjoyable activity**. Children and teachers must be motivated to learn and teach reading. We must also assess reading as a tool for learning, information, and enjoyment. Reading should not be competitive. We read with them, setting achievable goals for different texts. The child must be motivated. We know that learning to read is complex, but we also know the capacity of children.

Encouraging Reading

To encourage reading, choose texts that will provide achievable challenges. We read in fragments. Each day, a child reads aloud (to verify their... Continue reading "Enhancing Reading Skills: Goals, Texts, and Teaching Strategies" »

Patagonian Andes and Fueguinos

They are isolated, separated by wide valleys. From Pino Hachado to Staten Island, they form two high-elevation areas (3,000 meters), separated by a sector with peaks not exceeding 2,500 meters above sea level. Key peaks include Lanín volcano and Tronador.

The last glaciation greatly influenced this landscape. Remnants persist as continental ice fields and glaciers like Perito Moreno.

Rivers originating here have great power, harnessed for hydroelectricity (e.g., Futaleufú Dam).

Temperature varies with altitude. Prevailing westerly winds bring heavy rainfall, especially in winter. Slopes are forested, with trees over 20 meters tall and an understory of shrubs and Colihue reeds.

Introduced plant and animal species... Continue reading "Patagonian Andes and Fueguinos: Mountains, Glaciers, and Wildlife" »