Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Music

Baroque Era Art

It is more accurate to discuss art from the Baroque era rather than Baroque Art itself.

The Baroque period encompasses artistic styles from approximately 1590 to 1750.

During this time, various styles coexisted and evolved over the decades.

Council of Trent (1545-1563)

The Council of Trent was a conference of ecclesiastical dignitaries and theologians convened to discuss and settle matters of church doctrine.

The organization of the council was a reaction to the Protestant Reformation led by Martin Luther.

Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation

Martin Luther, a professor in Saxony, posted his 95 theses on the door of the Wittenberg church in 1517.

He called for changes in the church's practices, such as ending the sale of indulgences.... Continue reading "Baroque Art: Styles, Council of Trent, and Urbanism" »

Cultural Context

The Baroque is the name for the cultural period that developed in Europe in the 17th century and the first half of the 18th century. It was characterized by a pessimistic view of life and the importance of feelings.

Socioeconomic and Political Climate

The era was marked by social, economic, religious, and political depression. Social differences, continued wars, new outbreaks of bubonic plague, and slowed demographic growth were prevalent.

Artistic Movements

The artistic movements were dominated by a pessimistic vision of existence. Realism triumphed, with the main objective of presenting reality in a truthful and even crude way. Works of art were full of emotion. Artists made use of drama, contrast, movement, and ornamentation.... Continue reading "Baroque Period: Music, Art, and Society in the 17th-18th Centuries" »

4.3. PAINTING AND SCULPTURE

• Painting and sculpture reflected humanism; landscapes, cities, human body and portraits were realistically represented.            New pictorial techniques: perspective and oil paints.

• NEW INTERESTS

• The new interests of society was reflected in the characteristics of style:

• Idealism and serenity: tried to reflect reality. Influenced by the ideas of a Greek philosopher Plato, aimed to portray an ideal beauty (no emotions). This idealism can be seen in works of Botticelli and Raphael Sanzio, Leonardo da Vinci. Michelangelo portrayed intense emotions in his works.

• The human body: Anatomy of the human body. The revived the nude as a subject, an example are the Venuses by Giorgione and Titian or the paintings in

ROMANTICISM

Kant (1790)

The judgment on beauty is always subjective. Beauty does not always follow some rules because it depends on the eyes of the one who looks.

What is Romanticism?

It is a new way of understanding beauty, art, and the artist's role.

• The neoclassical principles of beauty are questioned. A new attitude in relation to art and life.
• The artist expresses his "inner self". The myth of the romantic artist is created.

Key Figures of the Era

• Rousseau: Human decided to live together and make a social contract.
• Diderot: He creates a book with all the knowledge of the world, the name was the Encyclopedia.

Key Concepts of Romanticism

• Freedom
• Originality
• Individualism
• Subjectivity
• Vocation
• Emotion

These values are associated with the revolutionary bourgeoisie... Continue reading "Romanticism and the Rise of the Rhine Valley as a Tourist Destination" »

SCHISMSchism is the split in the Church, this happen Because the French pope and the Italian pope declared each other to be a false Pope.The great schism diminished the power of the church because the popes were in a conflict, so that makes that the popes are Not organized to combat the bubonic plague. For example, they lost so many People because they weren’t organized to help others. In conclusion the great Schism diminished the power of the church because popes were in a conflict, This problem don’t help others to survive.

INQUISITIONThe Catholic church was worried, so, they Founded the Inquisition. The Inquisition were those priests whose job it was to Find and punish anyone who was against the church or working with the devil. Inquisition... Continue reading "Concept of education" »

1. What circumstances make the development of art and culture possible during the Renaissance?
*Economic prosperity came after epidemics and famines in Middle Age had finished.New social class arise that demands culture, art and music: wealthy merchants (bourgeoisie) become patrons of the art, apart from the nobility and the clergy

*Birth of humanism, which is a mindset that promotes the development of art (not only religious art like before) to cater for human needs.

*Wisdom of the Antiquity was highly spread (those have stressed stuff related to human being)

*Print press invention and travels around the world (that lead to the arrival in America included) ease the expansion.

2. How could humanism influence renaissance music?

*Diffusion of the knowledge... Continue reading "Influence the development of this phenomenon" »

The Renaissance Period: A Transformation

The modern period, spanning from the fall of the Byzantine Empire in 1453 to the French Revolution in 1789, witnessed significant global changes. Continents were no longer isolated, with trading routes and colonies established worldwide. Scientific advancements and economic growth led to major social transformations.

Religious and Social Shifts

Internal divisions within the Church split Europe into Protestants and Catholics, leading to increased religious intolerance and wars. The end of the Middle Ages saw the rise of the bourgeoisie, a new social class that, along with the nobility and the Church, became patrons of the arts and sciences. Composers and performers gained recognition as true artists for... Continue reading "Renaissance Era: Cultural Shifts, Music, and Social Transformation" »

Artistic style that developed in Europe and Latin America during the 17th century and part of the 18th century. Represented the magnificence of the Absolute Monarchs and the Catholic Church as well as the power of the wealthy bourgeoisie.

Grandiosity, dynamism, and drama, equilibrium, symmetry, and rationalism.

Emphasis on motion and complexity. Curved, concave, and convex shapes. Shapes were created through light and color. Realism to heighten emotions and move or surprise the viewer. Theatrical backdrops. Churches were extravagantly decorated and represented the gateway to heaven. The decoration stimulates faith and piety.

Architecture

The desire to incorporate a sense of movement. Churches and palaces. Curved cornices and split/broken pediments.... Continue reading "Baroque Art: Magnificence, Power, and Drama in Europe and Latin America" »