Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Medicine & Health

Hospital Management System: Context Level DFD

+-------------------+
|      Patient      |
+-------------------+
          |
          | Appointment / Details
          v
+--------------------------------------------+
|    (0) Hospital Management System          |
+--------------------------------------------+
          ^
          | Reports / Bills
+-------------------+
|  Doctor / Admin   |
+-------------------+
          ^
          |
+-------------------+
|  Pharmacy / Lab   |
+-------------------+

System Entities and Data Flow

This context diagram illustrates the primary interactions with the central system:

• External Entities: Patient, Doctor/Admin, Pharmacy/Lab.
• Central Process: The Hospital Management System (Process 0).
• Data Flow: Information

Essential Definitions of Key Laboratory Parameters

Understanding common blood and urine test results is crucial for health management. Below are definitions for 23 essential laboratory parameters, categorized for clarity.

Hematology and Red Blood Cell Metrics

• Hematocrit: The percentage of red blood cells in the blood.
• MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume): A measure of the average size of red blood cells.
• MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin): A measure of the average amount of hemoglobin inside a red blood cell.
• MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration): A measure of the concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of packed red blood cells.
• RDW (Red Cell Distribution Width): A measure of the variation in size of red blood cells.
• MPV (Mean Platelet Volume)

Do you think you eat healthily?No because i eat street food and i dont eat at my normal hours

Why do so many people believe that is important to have a healthy diet?Because healt depends a los on what youconsum

What are the long term benefits of eating more fruit and vegetables?Have better healt and be well hour nour shed

Ia it olnay to ead junk food from time o time?Yes but not very often

1Temptation:The desire to do something that you know is bad for you

2Carbonated:Containing small bubbles of carbon dioxide

3Quenches:Drink so that you are no longer thirsty

4Decay:The state of being destroyed naturally or through lack of care

5Obesity:The state of bek so overweight that it is not healthy

6Toppings:A layer of food on top of a dish that makes it look... Continue reading "What is the time of the pet" »

Pharmacovigilance Defined

Pharmacovigilance is the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other medicine/vaccine-related problem.

Clinical Pharmacy Explained

Clinical pharmacy is a branch of pharmacy that involves the provision of patient care with the use of medications to optimize the health outcomes of patients.

PTC Full Form in Pharmacy

PTC stands for the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee.

Pharmacy Inventory Control Techniques

There are three primary methods used in pharmacy to manage inventory:

• The visual method
• The periodic method
• The perpetual method

Composition of Universal Antidote

The universal antidote is composed of:

• Zinc or magnesium oxide
• Tannic acid
• Charcoal

Activated

Essential English Vocabulary and Phrasal Verbs

Look back on

Recordar

Look down on

Menospreciar

Stand up for

Defender

Go through

Pasar por

Miss out on

Perderse algo

Keep up with

Mantener el ritmo

Come up against

Enfrentarse a algo

Get on with

Ponerse a ello

To keep a close watch on

Vigilar de cerca

It turns out that

Resulta que

A common sight

Muy habitual

On a leash

Con correa

To make way for

Hacer espacio

Be scrap

Sobrar

To fight for scraps

Luchar por las sobras

To perch on

Posarse en

Turning point

Un cambio decisivo

To seek ways to improve

Buscar maneras para mejorar

To overcome

Superar

To achieve

Alcanzar

Adjectives for Describing Change and Quality

• Remarkable: Notable
• Dramatic: Importante
• Far-reaching: De gran alcance
• Refreshing: Fresco
• Subtle: Sutil
• Appealing: Atractivo
• Affordable: Económico
• Effortless:

Essential English Vocabulary for Health & Fitness

Expand your English vocabulary with these key terms related to health, fitness, and everyday situations. Each word includes its Spanish translation and a clear English definition.

1. Avoid

• Evitar
• To stay away from something.

2. Break Up

• Terminar (una relación)
• To end a romantic relationship.

3. Catch a Cold

• Resfriarse
• To become sick with a cold.

4. Chase

• Perseguir
• To run after something or someone.

5. Come Down With

• Caer enfermo de
• To get an illness.

6. Cut Down On

• Reducir
• To use or do less of something.

7. Deal With

• Lidiar con
• To handle a problem or situation.

8. Disease

• Enfermedad
• An illness that affects the body.

9. Enable

• Permitir
• To make something possible.

10. Endurance

• Resistencia
• The ability to keep going without

Health and Well-being Vocabulary

• Burn off
• Complexion
• Craze (a popular trend or fashion)
• Do (something/someone) the world of good
• Fad (a short-term trend)
• Get back into shape
• Mindfulness
• Pull a muscle
• Stamina
• Therapeutic
• Well-being
• Wrinkle (a crease or line in the skin)
• Aches and pains
• (As) Fit as a fiddle
• Be the picture of health
• Be back on your feet
• Be full of beans
• Hard of hearing
• (Have) A frog in your throat
• Off-colour (slightly ill)
• Alleviate symptoms
• Be prescribed medication
• Consult a specialist
• Contract an illness
• Have an operation
• Have treatment
• Miss an appointment
• Sustain an injury (suffer physical damage due to an accident)

Challenges, Progress, and Success Terms

• A long shot (a remote possibility)
• Be more than you bargained for
• On track (making progress and likely

Difference in Cavity Preparation: Amalgam vs. Class II Inlay

Silver Amalgam Preparation

Silver amalgam preparations follow specific criteria designed for mechanical retention and resistance:

• Outline Form: Narrow, converging occlusally.
• Cavity Width: Kept at one-fourth the intercuspal distance.
• Burs Used: No. 245 and 330.
• Occlusal Cavosurface Angle (CSA): 90 degrees, establishing a butt joint with the amalgam.
• Gingival Bevel: In the range of 15 to 20 degrees.
• Retention: Undercuts in the preparation improve restoration retention.
• Proximal Clearance: Minimal clearance, not more than 0.5 mm from the adjacent tooth.
• Gingival Seat: Ideally kept supragingivally.
• Secondary Retention: Provided by grooves, slots, pins, and amalgam pins.
• Proximal Walls: Provide primary

Maritime Incident Report: Ocean Star Fire

The cargo ship Ocean Star was en route to Singapore with an estimated time of arrival (ETA) of 18:00 when its engine room suddenly caught fire. The crew bravely attempted to extinguish the flames, but thick smoke quickly spread throughout the vessel. The captain promptly sent a distress call, reporting their position as 15°N, 104°E. Nearby ships altered their course to assist, and emergency services were alerted to be on standby at the nearest port. By 17:45, the fire was brought under control, but the ship remained adrift, awaiting tugboats for safe harbor. This incident highlights the critical importance of effective maritime emergency procedures and communication.

Essential Maritime Vocabulary

Key

Common Vocabulary Terms

Full Stop

Definition: A mark (.) indicating the end of a sentence or declarative statement.

Example: Remember to use a full stop at the end of every sentence.

Handbag

Definition: A small bag, often carried by women, for money, keys, and personal items.

Example: My mother always carried a handbag containing her essentials.

Means

Definition: A method, course of action, or instrument by which something can be accomplished.

Example: He used effective means to achieve his goal.

Mobile Phone

Definition: A portable telephone that can make and receive calls over a cellular network.

Example: Yesterday, I bought a very modern mobile phone.

Motorway

Definition: A wide road, built for fast-moving traffic over long distances.

Example: I saw a black... Continue reading "Everyday English Words: Meanings and Usage Examples" »