Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Medicine & Health

Item 11 of Prevention Management

1. Risk Assessment

It is a process to detect and estimate the magnitude of all risks in the company, determining which can be removed and acting on those that have not been avoided.

To perform the risk assessment is a systematic analysis of all aspects of the workplace, taking into account:

• The nature of the company's activity.
• The nature and number of exposed workers.

1.1. Risk Analysis

1. Identify the hazard.
2. Describe the risk.
3. Estimate the Risk:
   • High probability: the damage will occur always or almost always.
   • Average probability: the damage will occur occasionally.
   • Low probability: the damage will occur rarely.

1.2. Risk Evaluation

Consists of issuing an opinion on the tolerability of risk, based on previous studies. When... Continue reading "Effective Risk Management and Prevention in the Workplace" »

Emergency Plan 7.0

Objective: Implementation and maintenance of an emergency plan, which defines the sequence of actions to be developed for the initial control of emergencies.

Risk: Likely to suffer a certain damage. Emergency: Situation unforeseen by the possibility of damage and requires priority intervention. Ominous: Serious damage, accidental destruction, or significant loss suffered by people or property.

Emergencies: Natural hazards, chemical and biological, social, and technological.

Types of Emergencies: Depending on its severity can be: Conato, Partial Emergency, and General Emergency.

Alarm types:

• Restricted: It affects people who must act first in an emergency, to control a particular claim. It is for the chief of emergency and specialized

Pharmaceutical Research and Development Journey

From Concept to Market: The Drug Development Timeline

From the initial idea that a chemical compound could become a drug until the molecule is ready for marketing, the process typically spans about seven to twelve years.

Sources of Medicinal Compounds

Chemical defenses from fungi and and plants against viruses and bacteria are significant sources of drugs. The contribution of the marine world has achieved a high profile, exemplified by AZT for AIDS, which was extracted from herring sperm. The plant kingdom is a paradise for pharmacology. Animal-derived medicines are also obtained; for instance, insulin was first extracted from the pancreas of a dog.

Sometimes, medicines designed for one objective prove... Continue reading "Drug Discovery & Development: From Lab to Market" »

Surgical Treatment: An Overview

The term surgical treatment, or surgery, is very broad. It can be classified into major surgery and minor surgery:

• Major surgery involves significant procedures, such as an appendectomy or cardiac intervention. Due to its importance and complexity, it can lead to serious post-operative complications. Patients often need to remain in the hospital for some time to be monitored and treated by medical personnel.
• Minor surgery includes simpler, short-duration interventions performed on superficial and accessible tissues, for example, wart removal. Generally, the number of complications is low.

Today, thanks to significant progress in surgery, some surgical procedures that traditionally required hospitalization can now... Continue reading "Understanding Surgical Treatments: Types, Risks, and Innovations" »

Respiratory Diseases

Respiratory diseases affect the lungs and airways, impacting breathing and overall health. They can be caused by various factors, including bacteria, viruses, and environmental irritants like tobacco.

Bacterial Respiratory Infections

These conditions are caused by bacterial pathogens and can range from mild to severe.

Sinusitis

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the lining inside the bones that are in contact with the nasal passages. Symptoms include pain over the eyebrows and forehead.

Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis

Pharyngitis is a diffuse inflammation of the pharynx. If the inflammation is located in the tonsils, it is called tonsillitis. These conditions may be caused by microbes, cold air, and irritants such as alcohol and tobacco,... Continue reading "Understanding Respiratory Ailments and Tobacco's Effects" »

Why Inform a Patient of Their Diagnosis?

Why is there a tendency to inform the patient of their diagnosis? To settle outstanding issues that can be reconciled with certain persons and to take advantage of the rest of their life.

Stages of Acceptance of Death

Stages of acceptance of death: Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.

What Serves as the Negation of Illness?

What serves as the negation of illness? It is a defense mechanism to give time and to assimilate the new situation.

What Negotiations May Have a Religious Character?

What negotiations may have a religious character? Religious (rites, vows, sacrifices), magic (healers), or supernatural force.

Behaviors in the Terminal Phase of Depression

What behaviors occur in the patient

Autopsy Method

Scissors: Between the thumb and the index finger, the heart is cut. External review, there are gutting and joint dissection.

External Review

External review involves the inspection and palpation of the body from head to toe. The pathologist and the technician must assist in mobilizing the body, annotating data in the autopsy report, and having the necessary equipment for the collection of samples. The pathologist will be placed on the right of the body and the technician on the left.

Check:

• Signs of death: Stiffness, lividities, putrefaction.
• External Review: Sex, age, height, weight, and head circumference (in children), muscle development, color, skin changes and hair distribution, natural orifices and external genitalia, palpable

Preventing the Transmission of Infectious Diseases

The objective of aims involved in the second link in the chain is to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases.

Isolation

Isolation consists of separating the source of infection in places and conditions that prevent direct or indirect diffusion of the agent by preventing their passage into the healthy or ill, susceptible patients, to interpose barriers to prevent clubs.

Purpose of Isolation

• Separating contagious people so they do not pass the disease to healthy people. (Common barrier or barrier isolation technique)
• Separating patients that have diminished defenses to protect them from the possibility of acquiring a communicable disease. (Reverse, protective, or barrier isolation technique)

The Miracle of Fetal Development

The journey from conception to birth is an extraordinary process of growth and transformation. The developing fetus recognizes various actions and sensations, including dreaming.

Conception and Early Stages

• Fertilization: Sperm possess a unique 'smell' that guides them to the egg. The fusion of the sperm and egg nuclei marks fertilization.
• Implantation: The fertilized egg then travels to the mother's uterus and implants in the placenta.
• Trimesters: Pregnancy is typically divided into three trimesters, each marking significant developmental phases.

First Trimester: Foundations of Life

Week 2-3: Initial Transformations

• 15 Days Post-Implantation: Around 15 days after implantation, the embryo undergoes a significant transformation,