Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Medicine & Health

English Grammar & Sentence Structure

Word Substitution Examples

• It was a rough track, a path made of uneven stones.

Nouns in Context

• It was a brave action but not a smart one. Tea and coffee both contain caffeine, the former even more than the latter.

Verbs and Phrases in Action

• I love traveling in dangerous places, but Sophie doesn’t. I want to take a vacation, but to do so means taking time off.

Understanding Clauses

• Not many people know this region. Yes, I’m aware of that. The road was blocked.

Ellipsis Usage

• She wasn’t the first person to write about this region.

Vocabulary & Word Transformations

Word Pairs: Verb-Noun & Related Forms

• Set - setting
• Describe - description
• Appealed - appeal
• Is commenting - comment
• About - story
• Deals with

Premature Ejaculation (PE) Management

Dapoxetine (Priligy)

Dapoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) that modulates the ejaculatory reflex.

Dosing and Administration

• Dose: 30 mg, taken 1–3 hours before anticipated intercourse.
• Maximum Frequency: One dose per 24 hours.

Side Effects

• Dizziness
• Vomiting
• Fainting (Syncope)
• Hypotension

Contraindications

• Significant cardiac conditions.
• Hepatic impairment.
• Renal impairment.
• Concomitant use with antidepressants or drugs that may cause serotonin toxicity.
• Concomitant use with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors.

Alternative PE Treatment

Local anesthetics have also been used effectively to manage premature ejaculation.

Phosphodiesterase Type 5 (PDE5) Inhibitors

Common Side Effects of PDE5 Inhibitors

• Headache: Tadalafil-

Essential Phrasal Verbs for English Fluency

This comprehensive glossary lists common phrasal verbs and their definitions, structured alphabetically for easy reference.

A-D Phrasal Verbs

• bend over: Bow, become curved.
• carry on: Continue.
• carry off: Win, succeed in a difficult situation.
• carry out: Accomplish or execute; do something.
• come along: Go with.
• come on: Let’s go (used for motivation).
• come up: To manifest oneself, appear, or arise.
• come up with: Provide an idea or answer; find a solution.
• cry out: Exclaim; cry loudly.
• cut up: Cut into small pieces.
• die away: Lose strength, become weak (usually referring to noise).
• do up: Tie.

E-G Phrasal Verbs

• eat up: Eat quickly.
• fall down: Collapse.
• fall out with: Argue with someone.
• feel up to: Feel capable of doing

Listening Comprehension

1. Jane is going to the dentist.
2. Jane can't stay with Katie because she is going to meet a friend.
3. Jane is going to read a book for Katie.
4. Bill asks Rita to call the doctor's office.
5. The doctor's telephone number is on the calendar.

Reading Comprehension

1. You shouldn't discover that your passport has expired just at the airport ticket counter.
2. The normal time to get your driver's license renewed is possibly in two months.
3. Kennels require a maximum of two weeks to make arrangements.
4. You should try to leave your home for several days.

Situational Dialogues

1. Situation 1

   Luke and Dave are checking lamps.

   Dave: Look at those lamps! They are beautiful.

   Luke: Which ones?

2. Situation 2

   Stephanie is going camping. She asks Tom for advice.

   Stephanie:

St. Valentine’s Day

1. During Lupercalia: (a) young men and women were paired.
2. Why did Emperor Claudius II cancel all marriages and engagements? (c) Because he needed men for his army.
3. Why was Valentine dragged to jail? (d) Because he disobeyed the emperor.
4. Valentine died in love. TRUE: “It is said that, before his execution, Valentine himself had fallen in love with the jailer’s daughter.”
5. St. Valentine’s Day is no longer a Roman Catholic festivity today. TRUE: “In 1969 it was dropped from the Roman Catholic calendar as a designated feast day.”
6. Nowadays there are more Valentine’s cards than Christmas cards sold in the US. FALSE: “Today, over 1 billion Valentine’s cards are sent in the US – second in number only to Christmas cards.

Reading Comprehension

Sniffer Bees

Sniffer bees: C(a new use)-D(learn)-C(sends)-C(fit)-C(tiny)-B(they don’t)-A(are not)-A(diagnosis)

The Statues of Easter Island

The statues of Easter Island: C(is the most isolated)-B(are larger)-C(played)-C(land)-B(the inhabitants had eaten)-A(the Rapanui were fighting)-C(died of illness)-B(the Rapanui don’t)

Festival Entrepreneurs

Festival entrepreneurs: C(they are more diverse)-B(the tickets sell)-D(has plans)-A(you can make new)-A(you can travel without)-B(inconvenience)-B(companies like)-A(the economic)

Britain’s New Eco-Towns

Britain’s new eco-towns: D(no cars in)-C(land that was originally)-C(to use less water)-D(eco-towns are not green)-B(traffic)-C(tend to)-C(backing for)-A(harvested)

Film Sponsorship

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Essential English Vocabulary and Grammar

Vocabulary

• Script: guió
• Access - accessible
• Anxiety - anxious
• Romance - romantic
• Succeed – Succession
• Choose – choice
• Entertain – entertainment
• Grow – growth
• Live – life
• Produce – production
• Separate – separation
• Supply –

Phrasal Verbs

• Get through à fer-se entendre, connectar (to get through à to make oneself understood, to connect)
• Get round à voltejar, molestar en fer algo (to get around à to circumvent, to bother while doing something)
• Get over à superar (to get over à to overcome)
• Get down à deprimir, cansar (to get down à to depress, to tire)
• Get away à sortir-se’n (to get away à to get away with it)
• Get into à interesar-se, ficar-se en algo (to get into à to become interested, to get

Medical & Everyday Vocabulary

English to Spanish Terms

• Tablet: Comprimido
• Stomach ache: Dolor de estómago
• It's twenty past one: Son la 1:20
• Neck: Cuello
• Low cholesterol: Colesterol bajo
• Iron: Hierro
• Elbow: Codo
• Lotion: Loción
• Shoulder: Hombro
• Cream: Crema
• Onion: Cebolla

Spanish to English Terms

• Mano: Hand
• Oreja: Ear
• Nariz: Nose
• Espalda: Back
• Carne: Meat
• Pescado: Fish
• Vegetales: Vegetables
• Productos lácteos: Dairy products

Pharmacy Dialogues

Dialogue 1: Spanish Interaction

• Pharmacist: Buenos días, ¿puedo ayudarle?
• Patient: Sí, esto me duele.
• Pharmacist: ¿Le duele la garganta?
• Patient: Sí, me duele la garganta.

Dialogue 2: English Pharmacy Visit

• Pharmacist: Hello, Ochoa Pharmacy. May I help you?
• Patient: I'm not feeling well. I feel dizzy and I have a bad headache.

Mastering Causative Verbs: "Have Something Done"

This section demonstrates how to transform active sentences into causative structures using the verb "have" (or "get"), focusing on situations where the subject arranges for an action to be performed by someone else.

Example:

• John will have someone bring him the post. (John will have the post brought to him.)

Practice Sentences:

• The make-up artist was applying the model's lipstick. (The model was having lipstick applied.)
• Ask the cook to prepare the vegetables. (Have the vegetables prepared.)
• Have you told the accountant to check the figures? (Have you had the figures checked?)
• Jim hates the teacher correcting his mistakes. (Jim hates having his mistakes corrected.)
• Did the beautician paint Joanne's nails?