Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Medicine & Health

Insulin Action Times

Understanding the action times of different insulin types is crucial for effective diabetes management. Here's a breakdown:

• Rapid-Acting:
  • Examples: Actrapid or Humulin Regular
  • Onset: 20-30 minutes
  • Peak: 2-4 hours
  • Duration: 6-8 hours
  • Note: Crystalline insulin
• Intermediate-Acting:
  • Examples: Insulatard or Humulin NPH
  • Onset: 45-60 minutes
  • Peak: 6 hours
  • Duration: 12-14 hours
  • Note: Protamine insulin
• Long-Acting:
  • Examples: Monotard or Slow
  • Onset: 60-90 minutes
  • Peak: 8-12 hours
  • Duration: 24 hours
  • Note: 70% zinc

When insulin is administered twice daily, typically 60% is given in the morning and 40% at night.

Managing Nocturnal Hypoglycemia

Nocturnal hypoglycemia with rebound hyperglycemia before breakfast (Somogyi effect) can be managed by checking capillary... Continue reading "Insulin Types, Administration, and Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in Diabetes" »

**Chemical Risk Assessment in the Workplace**

Hygienic Evaluation

Methodology for detection and quantification of industrial pollutants and assessment of the risk for workers exposed to them.

• Environmental: Compare the actual exposure levels to theoretical allowable values.
• Biological: Determine the amount of pollutant or its metabolites in exposed workers.

Assessment Criteria

• Reference values
  • United States (ACGIH)
    • TLV (Threshold Limit Value)
    • BEI (Biological Exposure Indices)
  • Spain (INSHT)
    • VLA (Environmental Limit Values)
    • VLB (Biological Limit Values)
• Maximum values allowed
  • USA (OSHA)
    • PEL (Permissible Exposure Limit)
  • Spain (Current Legislation)
    • Regulation of Troublesome, Unhealthy, Harmful, and Dangerous Activities
    • Specific regulations (benzene, asbestos, lead,

Understanding the Basics

When converting direct speech to indirect speech (also known as reported speech), several changes typically occur in verb tenses, pronouns, and time expressions. The following tables provide a comprehensive look at these transformations.

Tense Changes

Pronoun and Adverb Changes

Active to Passive Voice Examples

Here are some examples illustrating the transformation from active to passive voice:

• Police use trained dogs to find drugs. (Active)

  Trained dogs are used by the police to find drugs. (Passive)

• Nurses give the patients their medicine every morning. (Active)

  The patients are given their medicine every morning. (Passive)

• A lifeguard rescued the drowning boy. (Active)

  The drowning boy was rescued by a lifeguard. (Passive)

• An electrician is repairing our water heater. (Active)

  Our water heater is being repaired. (Passive)

• A defense lawyer will represent you. (Active)

  You will be represented by a defense lawyer. (Passive)

• They clean the rooms daily. (Active)

  The rooms are cleaned daily. (Passive)

• Customs officers searched her

Diagnostic Tests and Procedures

Scanning and Recording (Tests Diagnosed Tics)

Clinical History is the initial interview with the doctor, where a thorough and systematic interrogation is conducted about the patient's history, current state, and finally completed with a physical exam and follow-up on their evolution.

All information is documented to form the clinical history, including surgical operations and procedures performed.

The clinical history comprises the following parts:

1. Interrogation or Amnesis
2. Physical Examination
3. Tracking the Evolution of the Patient

1. Interrogation (Amnesis)

Personal History (of the patient): Name, age, marital status, address, etc.

Family History (Clinical): Information about relatives, including their health status, diseases,... Continue reading "Diagnostic Tests and Procedures in Medical Examinations" »

English 3

I. Routines and Temporary Events

Exercises:

• a) I usually go to the gym twice a week.
• b) This month, I am eating a lot of snacks.
• c) I generally eat healthy food.
• d) I am doing karate right now.

II. Practice

• a) How do you cope with stress?
  Well, I am taking a course in aromatherapy right now, and I am enjoying it. But everybody in my family is pretty relaxed. We don't get stressed very often.
• b) What kind of exercise do you usually do?
  I like swimming. My wife and I usually go to the pool every day in the summer. Right now it's cold, so I am not swimming at all. But my wife goes every day, even when it's cold.
• c) Are you eating a lot of fast food these days?
  Well, I love it, but right now I am trying to eat a balanced diet. It's hard because my

Steps to Make a Decision

1. Sensation: Reconnaissance of dissatisfaction
2. Decision to change: To bring in the vacuum or Moonrace
3. Implementation: To implement the decision

Steps for Making a Decision

1. Identify the problem
2. Acknowledge the problem
3. Set parameters
4. Consider alternatives
5. Make the decision
6. Evaluate the results

Understanding Cancer

Cancer is a set of diseases in which the body produces an excess of malignant cells (known as carcinogens, or cancer).

Benign vs. Malignant Tumors

A benign tumor or malignancy is an alteration of cells that causes uncontrolled growth of these. Malignant tumors are cancerous. Cancer cells can invade and damage tissues and organs near the tumor.

Cancer Classification

• Stage 0 or Carcinoma in Situ: The cancer is in its initial stage,

A

• Aloa: A poem, shortly.
• Altruistic: Trying the good of others without expecting profit.
• Allude: Mention.
• Arancel: Official rate.
• Argue: To dispute, to debate.
• Aria: Musical composition.
• Arrogant: Proud, graceful, brave.
• Augustus: Having respect for something majestic.
• Augur: Prophet of negative events.

B

• Banal: Trivial, vulgar.
• Buero: Pointless.

C

• Callow: Immature.
• Caustic: Aggressive, trenchant.
• Celibate: Unmarried.
• Choleric: Easily carried away by anger.
• Customary: The usual.

D

• Diaphanous: Transparent.
• Diatribe: Speech against someone.
• Dim: Resign.
• Discourteous: Disagreeable.
• Discolo: Conflictive.

E

• Egis: Protection.
• Emplaster: Place a layer of plaster on the wall.
• Epitome: Summary, outline.
• Equity: Equality.
• Eremite: Hermit.
• Execrate: To damn.

F

• Famished: Hungry.
• Feeble: