Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Medicine & Health

Medical & Everyday Vocabulary

English to Spanish Terms

• Tablet: Comprimido
• Stomach ache: Dolor de estómago
• It's twenty past one: Son la 1:20
• Neck: Cuello
• Low cholesterol: Colesterol bajo
• Iron: Hierro
• Elbow: Codo
• Lotion: Loción
• Shoulder: Hombro
• Cream: Crema
• Onion: Cebolla

Spanish to English Terms

• Mano: Hand
• Oreja: Ear
• Nariz: Nose
• Espalda: Back
• Carne: Meat
• Pescado: Fish
• Vegetales: Vegetables
• Productos lácteos: Dairy products

Pharmacy Dialogues

Dialogue 1: Spanish Interaction

• Pharmacist: Buenos días, ¿puedo ayudarle?
• Patient: Sí, esto me duele.
• Pharmacist: ¿Le duele la garganta?
• Patient: Sí, me duele la garganta.

Dialogue 2: English Pharmacy Visit

• Pharmacist: Hello, Ochoa Pharmacy. May I help you?
• Patient: I'm not feeling well. I feel dizzy and I have a bad headache.

Mastering Causative Verbs: "Have Something Done"

This section demonstrates how to transform active sentences into causative structures using the verb "have" (or "get"), focusing on situations where the subject arranges for an action to be performed by someone else.

Example:

• John will have someone bring him the post. (John will have the post brought to him.)

Practice Sentences:

• The make-up artist was applying the model's lipstick. (The model was having lipstick applied.)
• Ask the cook to prepare the vegetables. (Have the vegetables prepared.)
• Have you told the accountant to check the figures? (Have you had the figures checked?)
• Jim hates the teacher correcting his mistakes. (Jim hates having his mistakes corrected.)
• Did the beautician paint Joanne's nails?

Synonyms and Antonyms: Enhance Your Vocabulary

Common Expressions and Feelings

• Ready: In place
• Resemble: Take after
• Move from childhood to adulthood: Grow up
• Prove to be the case: Turn out
• Really depressed: Down in the dumps
• Really happy: Over the moon
• Became really angry: Fly off the handle
• An annoying person or thing: Pain in the neck
• A very kind personality: Heart of gold
• Run a gentle pace: Jog
• Extremely unhappy: Heartbroken
• Extremely thin: Skinny
• Slightly hungry: Peckish
• Overweight: Obese
• Look at something quickly: Glance
• Grumpy: Bad-tempered
• Bullying: Hurting
• Grim: Worrying
• Tempting: Appealing
• Big, not long: Large
• Recommend: Advise
• In the end: Eventually
• Place where waste is taken and left: Rubbish dump
• Help someone to remember something: Remind
• Using up a supply

Major Health Concerns: Understanding Risks & Prevention

Eating Disorders

Eating disorders are serious conditions characterized by severe disturbances in eating behaviors, thoughts, and emotions. They can have significant physical and psychological consequences.

Bulimia Nervosa

Bulimia Nervosa is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, excessive exercise, or misuse of laxatives. These episodes are often accompanied by a deep sense of guilt and a feeling of loss of control.

Effects of Bulimia Nervosa:

• Esophageal rupture
• Cardiac arrhythmia
• Anxiety
• Dehydration
• Menstrual disorders or amenorrhea (absence of menstruation)
• Sudden weight fluctuations (reduction or increase)
• Increased

1. Lift Weights

Lifting weights is one of the best, fastest, and most effective ways to burn fat. Muscle mass is very important. Weight lifting helps you keep and expand it.

• Your body's metabolism will have to do more work (i.e., burn more calories) in order to sustain your muscle, even if you're just sitting down watching TV!
• You get a nice after-workout extra calorie burn for up to 38 hours.
• You're going to look amazing underneath your fat tissue, so once it's gone, you'll look toned and great, not soft and skinny!
• It is recommended that you do at least 3-4 workouts a week.
  • If you are doing 3 days, go for compound exercises to maximize time!
  • If you can do 4 workouts a week, an upper body/lower body split is recommended again to make the most of

Caffeine and Societal Impact

Why Coffee is Considered a Drug

Coffee is considered a drug because it contains caffeine, a psychoactive substance that stimulates the central nervous system.

The Simplicity of Coffee Consumption

People generally agree on how to drink coffee because it's typically a straightforward process: simply pouring it into a cup and drinking it. However, preparation methods and additions vary widely.

Health Risks of Caffeine Tablets in Coffee

Adding caffeine tablets to coffee is not considered healthy. Excessive caffeine intake, especially from concentrated sources, can lead to adverse health effects and is generally not recommended.

Vocabulary: Coffee & Related Terms

• Soon: As early as possible
• Custom: One's usual coffee order

Describing People: Appearance and Characteristics

Appearance and Characteristics

• Q: What does she look like? A: She's tall with red hair.
• Q: How old is she/he? A: She's about 32.
• Q: How tall is she/he? A: She's 1 meter 88. / He's quite short.
• Q: How long is her/his hair? A: It's short-medium.

Mastering 'Have' and 'Has'

Affirmative and Negative Forms

• Subject-Verb Agreement:
  • She, He, It = Has
  • I, You, We, They = Have
• Negative Forms: I haven't / She hasn't

Asking About Experiences (Present Perfect)

• Q: Have you been to a jazz club?
  • (+) Yes, I've been to several.
  • (-) No, I haven't been to one.
• Q: Has she ridden in a streetcar?
• Q: Has he called home lately?

Asking for and Giving Suggestions

Travel Recommendations

• Q: What can I do in Mexico?
  • A: You can see the...
  • A: You

Understanding Working Hours in Los Angeles

1. Working Hours

Working hours in Los Angeles (LA) refer to the time an employee spends working, calculated on a daily, weekly, or annual basis. The maximum duration is 40 hours per week, with no more than 9 hours per day, unless there is an agreement for an uneven distribution of hours throughout the year. Rest periods must be respected. Periods devoted to movement, changing clothes, etc., are not considered actual working time. Children under 18 cannot work more than 8 hours a day, including time spent on training.

The Law on the Settlement of Personal, Family, and Labor Life states that work schedules can be adapted, subject to agreement between both parties.

1.1. Extension or Reduction of Working Hours

Working... Continue reading "Understanding Working Hours in Los Angeles: Regulations and Rights" »

Understanding Heavy Metal Toxicity

Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements that can become toxic at high concentrations. They pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and ability to accumulate in biological systems.

Iron (Fe): Essential Nutrient, Potential Toxin

Iron (Fe) is an essential mineral, with daily requirements ranging from 10 to 18 mg. It is commonly found in meat, vegetables, and lentils. While vital for health, an iron overdose can cause symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea.

Heavy metals, in general, are known to inactivate enzymes. In cases like mercury poisoning, enzymes crucial for catalyzing reactions linked to receptor molecules are affected, leading to the alteration and deformation of their... Continue reading "Toxic Heavy Metals and Hazardous Waste: Health & Environmental Risks" »

September 2010

Health and Wellness Insights

Keywords: Digestion, Super Clean, Improve, Illnesses.

1. Probiotics and Health Benefits

Probiotic foods are bought by many people. They are healthy because they contain good bacteria which fight illness, for example, in our intestines. They also make our immune system stronger, so psoriasis, influenza, and asthma may improve. People return to work sooner as they suffer these illnesses for less time.

3. How Probiotics Work

• If we feed these friendly bacteria into our system, we fight the bad bacteria.
• Your immune system can be helped by probiotics.
• We may not enjoy eating them so much.
• Unless we eat them, our digestive health may be affected.

4. Probiotic Benefits and Personal Diet

Some conditions that are helped... Continue reading "Health and Sports Insights from September 2010" »