Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Medicine & Health

1. Swollen udders are commonly hot with mastitis; they can be PAINFUL and

leak pus.

2. The patient was shouting all the time he was extremely IS IN PAIN.

3. The pregnant woman was suffering a lot, she asked for an EPIDURAL

injection.

4. The nurse could not COPE WITH with the situation, she asked the doctor to

interfere.

5. There are two units in the hospital on either side, on both floors, divided by

a CENTRAL hall and staircase.

6. I am COUGHING all the day, I think I need to drink some milk and honey to

get better.

7. The teacher is not coming today because she-FELS SICK she will be

absent the whole week.

8. The newborn baby is constantly crying the doctor says he was born

withGAS AND AIR in the intestines, maybe his mother drunk a lot of cola

when she... Continue reading "What happened to a man who had to clean the liver" »

Passive Voice Transformation Exercises

Practice converting active sentences into the passive voice with these corrected examples:

• 27. They give all newborn babies a vaccination in hospital: Vaccination is given to all newborn babies in hospital.
• 28. They are giving all the pupils injections against the flu: All the pupils are being given injections against the flu.
• 29. I waited patiently while they were examining Joe: Joe was being examined while I waited patiently.
• 30. The nurse will take your temperature: Your temperature will be taken by the nurse.
• 31. Only a doctor can prescribe this medicine: This medicine can be prescribed only by a doctor.
• 32. The medicine did not relieve my pain: My pain was not relieved by the medicine.
• 33. The water has trapped

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Consumers and food safety

- When buying food.

When you go grocery shopping, purchase refrigerated foods at the end of your shopping trip.

Check the use-by dates on the labels on packaged foods.

To avoid buying food that has gone bad, check that refrigerated foods are completely hard. Make sure canned goods do not have dents or bulging lids.

Go straight home so you can store all chilled and frozen foods as soon as possible to maintain the cold chain.

-When storing food.

Store refrigerated foods in the refrigerator at a maximum temperature of 4°C and store frozen foods in the freezer at a temperature of -18°C or lower.

Do not refreeze any foods that have already been frozen and thawed.

Store raw and cooked foods separately to avoid cross-contamination.... Continue reading "Consumer Food Safety: Shopping, Storage, and Preparation Tips" »

Present Tenses

Present Simple

sings - are signed / 3 column

Present Continuous

is signing - are being signed / 3 column

Past Tenses

Past Simple

signed - were signed / 3 column

Past Continuous

was signing - were being signed / 3 column

Perfect Tenses

Present Perfect Simple

has signed - have been signed / 3 column

Past Perfect Simple

had signed - had been signed / 3 column

Future Tense

Future Simple

will sign - will be signed / 3 column

Modals

Modals

should sign - should be signed / 3 column

Modal Perfect

must have signed - must have been signed / 3 column

Other Verb Forms

Have to

has to sign - have to be signed / 3 column

Be Going To

is going to sign - are going to be signed / 3 column

Question Words

How long: cuanto tiempo When: cuando Who: quien How old: cuantos años

Where:

Reading & Grammar Exercise Solutions

Reading Page 1 Answers (Set A)

Exercise 1: True/False

1. F; Although doctors can’t find any specific illness… they confirm that the health problems are genuine.
2. F; In some cases, they tell sufferers that they should not continue working in a particular building.
3. F; However, not everyone is sure that people are becoming ill because of the air.
4. T; According to some experts, the workers’ symptoms may actually be caused by stress, boredom and bad relationships with their co-workers and managers.
5. F; … there can be no doubt that bad air is not good for people’s health.

Exercise 2: Short Answers

1. They can’t explain its causes.
2. Heat to escape / fresh air in through windows.
3. Are bad.
4. Not good for people’s health.

UNIDAD 6

2. Present Continuous

• I'm learning English now
• They aren't studying at the moment
• She isn't sleeping now
• What are they eating? They're eating sandwiches
• Are you doing your homework? I am
• Is he phoning his friend? he isn't

3. Present Continuous Exercises

• Listens
• 's/ is reading
• Aren't/are not eating
• Don't watch
• Are, doing
• Does, go
• Are, playing
• Do, get

4. Numbers

• 1.2 2.2 3.1 4.2 5.1 6.1 7.1 8.2 9.1 10.2 11.2 12.1 13.2 14.1 15.1 16.2

UNIDAD 7

B. Past Simple: Was/Were

• There was some milk
• Were there any sweets?
• There were two tennis rackets
• There was a printer in the bedroom
• Was there a cat in the sitting room?
• There were some books in the bag
• Was there any butter in the kitchen?
• There wasn't any butter in the fridge
• Were there any sofas in the hall?
• There wasn't any

Foundations of Health and Nutrition

Only two common lifestyle habits have a stronger influence on long-term health than dietary choices: smoking and other tobacco use, and excessive alcohol consumption.

The Six Classes of Nutrients

• Water
• Carbohydrates
• Fat
• Protein
• Vitamins
• Minerals

Essential Nutrients and Energy

An essential nutrient is required for normal body functioning and cannot be synthesized by the body; it must be obtained from a dietary source.

• Carbohydrates: 4 cal/g
• Protein: 4 cal/g
• Fat: 9 cal/g

Minerals are inorganic. Macronutrients that provide energy the body can use include carbohydrates, fat, protein, and alcohol.

Scientific Research and Dietary Guidelines

The scientific method involves observation, hypothesis, testing, and conclusion. Epidemiology... Continue reading "Essential Nutrition Principles and Human Physiology" »

Therapeutic Uses of Atropine

Preanesthetic Medication

• Decrease salivary and bronchial secretions
• Prevent bronchospasm
• Antagonize respiratory center depressants
• Protect the heart from bradycardia induced by some general anesthetics
• Prevent vomiting

Disadvantages:

• Post-operative urine retention
• Intestinal hypomotility (paralytic ileus)

Other Uses

1. Heart block and marked bradycardia
2. In cholinergic poisoning to antagonize muscarinic effects (organophosphorus poisoning or physostigmine poisoning)
3. Colics, gut hypermotility, duodenal ulcer
4. Nocturnal enuresis and urinary urgency to reduce bladder motility
5. Parkinsonism
6. Motion sickness (Hyoscine (scopolamine) is better)
7. Hyperhidrosis
8. For fundus examination of the eye (derivatives are better)
9. Bronchial asthma (secretions