Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Medicine & Health

Essential English Expressions & Collocations

Common Travel Idioms

• To get/be off the beaten track: to be in a place far away from the city or popular tourist areas.
• To rough it: to live without the comforts of modern life.
• To get by on a shoestring budget: to survive with a very limited budget.
• To end up spending a fortune: to spend a lot of money.
• To be a culture vulture: to enjoy art and culture.
• To get back to nature: to live in a simple way, close to the natural environment.
• To be in the lap of luxury: to live in a very comfortable and expensive condition.

Collocations with 'Traveler'

• Frequent traveler: someone who travels often.
• Independent traveler: a traveler who hasn't booked a package tour.
• Seasoned traveler: an experienced traveler.
• Intrepid

Contraception

Contraception for women who are breastfeeding
- A mother should not wait until the return of their menstrual period
1) regular intervals between breastfeedings (4 hours during day and 6 hours during night)
2) supplemental food 5%
3) for 6 months postpartum, when a woman doesn’t have menstruation
- condoms and spermicides can be used immediately
- intrauterine device can be inserted within the first 48 hours postpartum
- progesteron-only pills: 21 days postpartum, do not have any adverse effects on milk volume
- combined oral contraception: from 6 weeks, but it has adverse effect on milk volume- Contraception for overweight women- Overweight doesn't influence on the effectiveness of contraception. - Overweight increases the risk of... Continue reading "Contraception and Sexual Health Guidelines" »

Secondary Infertility: Diagnosis and Management

Understanding Secondary Infertility

Secondary infertility is the inability to conceive or carry a pregnancy to term after having had a successful pregnancy in the past.

Patient History (Hx)

• Obstetric History: Parity, Deliveries, Live births, Deaths (P/D/L/D)
• Sexual Activity: Regularity of intercourse
• Gynecological Diseases: History of relevant conditions
• Medications: Current and past drug use
• Lifestyle Factors: Smoking status

Key Contributing Factors

• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): Can lead to tubal damage.
• Appendicitis: May result in peritonitis and subsequent adhesions.
• Previous Surgeries: Can cause adhesions affecting fertility.
• Smoking: Associated with reduced fertility and increased risk of Sexually

Essential Grammar Concepts and Usage

Understanding Voice in Sentences

Passive Voice refers to sentence construction where the subject receives the action.

• Active: Harry ate six shrimp at dinner.
• Passive: At dinner, six shrimp were eaten by Harry.

Subjunctive Mood Triggers

The subjunctive mood is often required after verbs expressing necessity, demand, or suggestion. These verbs typically precede the word that:

• to advise (that)
• to ask (that)
• to command (that)
• to demand (that)
• to desire (that)
• to insist (that)
• to propose (that)
• to recommend (that)
• to request (that)
• to suggest (that)
• to urge (that)

Common English and Spanish Phrases

• Much to my delight: Para mi mayor deleite
• Naturally: Naturalmente
• Not surprisingly: No es sorprendente

Key Diagnostic Medical Procedures

Electrocardiogram

Mastering English Vocabulary and Word Relationships

English to Spanish Vocabulary List (R-Y)

A collection of essential English terms and their corresponding Spanish translations:

• Rough: bravo, escandaloso
• Sank: hundirse
• Sat shivering for: permanecieron sentados temblando
• Seals: focas
• Seasoned ship's captain: capitán de barco experto
• Set: decorado
• Shoplift: ladrón
• Sign up: contactar
• Signal: señal
• Sitcom: comedia de situación
• Soap opera: telenovela
• Soften the blow: suavizar el golpe
• Sorry about: arrepentido por
• Sorry for: arrepentido de
• Spacecraft: nave espacial
• Staff: personal
• Steal: robar
• Step out: salir
• Sunscreen: crema de sol
• Supplies: provisiones
• Suspect: sospechar
• Switch: intercambiar
• Take off: despegue
• Take place: tener lugar
• Take up: ocupan
• Tempt: tentar
• Tend

H2O (-)

Loop Diuretics (Potassium losing)

H2O (+)

Opinion: The Balance Between Body and Mind

Some people complain that physical appearance has become more important than intellectual ability in our society. Everyone wants a bodybuilder’s appearance these days, and paying for cosmetic surgery is almost as common as paying for a haircut. However, I don’t think it’s a case of saying one is more important than the other.

It’s true that doing lots of weight training at a gym and focusing only on muscle tone can be a problem, as many bodybuilders take lots of pills and food supplements to add muscle. Also, weight training is not going to help you develop stamina or flexibility, due to the fact that this kind of exercise is not aerobic. However, in my opinion, doing other things at a gym is... Continue reading "Balancing Physical Fitness and Mental Well-being" »

Understanding Cannabis: Basics and Composition

Cannabis, also known as marijuana among other names,^{[n 1]} is a psychoactive drug derived from the Cannabis plant, primarily intended for medical or recreational use.^[16][17][18] The main psychoactive component of cannabis is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), one of 483 known compounds in the plant,^[19] including at least 65 other cannabinoids.^[20]

Methods of Cannabis Consumption

• Smoking
• Vaporizing
• Ingestion (within food)
• As an extract

Effects and Side Effects of Cannabis Use

Cannabis is often used for its mental and physical effects, which include:

• A "high" or "stoned" feeling
• A general change in perception
• Euphoria (heightened mood)
• An increase in appetite

^[21][22]

Onset and Duration of Effects

The onset of effects... Continue reading "Cannabis Explained: Effects, Uses, and Global Status" »

This pushes your blood through your body: heart (corazon)

Grammar: the comparative, superlative, and equative

Understanding Drug Use and Addiction

We are all drug users. From the caffeine in your morning coffee that keeps you awake, to the ridiculous amounts of sugar in almost everything we consume that keeps you coming back for more. Some people need multiple doses of prescribed Xanax to get through the day, and some need to inject heroin. The drugs may be different, but the *hole they are trying to fill is often the same*.

We all have the potential to fall victim to drug addiction – legal or illegal. That is why it is vital for us to have a good understanding of what addiction means and how to help those afflicted, instead of incriminating them. Drug addiction will undoubtedly touch your life at some point. You will probably know someone who is,... Continue reading "Addiction and Society: Fostering Empathy and Effective Solutions" »