Disease Screening: Understanding Tests and Validity
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Disease Screening: Understanding Tests and Validity
What is Screening?
Screening is a method of secondary prevention that uses simple tests (physical, laboratory, etc.) to detect diseases before they manifest symptoms or signs. The goal of screening is to reduce morbidity and mortality through early detection and intervention.
Types of Screening Programs:
- Mass Screening: Targets the entire population (e.g., mammograms for women aged 45-70).
- Multiple/Multiphasic Screening: Uses a variety of tests at the same time (e.g., during hospital admission).
- Targeted Screening: Focuses on groups with specific risk factors (e.g., occupational exposure).
- Case-Finding/Opportunistic Screening: Occurs when a patient consults a doctor for another reason (e.g., blood