Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Medicine & Health

Common English Idioms and Phrases

Here are some of the most common English idioms and phrases that will enrich your English vocabulary and make you sound like a native speaker.

1. ‘The Best of Both Worlds’

Means you can enjoy two different opportunities at the same time.

Example: “By working part-time and looking after her kids two days a week she managed to get the best of both worlds.”

2. ‘Speak of the Devil’

This means that the person you’re just talking about actually appears at that moment.

Example: “Hi Tom, speak of the devil, I was just telling Sara about your new car.”

3. ‘See Eye to Eye’

This means agreeing with someone.

Example: “They finally saw eye to eye on the business deal.”

4. ‘Once in a Blue Moon’

An event... Continue reading "25 Common English Idioms and Phrases to Sound Like a Native" »

Endocrine System Overview

Key glands involved in the endocrine system include:

• Hypothalamus
• Pituitary gland
• Thyroid and Parathyroid glands
• Adrenal glands
• Pancreas
• Testes (in males)
• Ovaries (in females)

Hormone Types and Examples

Steroid Hormones

Produced by:

• Testes and Ovaries (e.g., testosterone, estrogen)
• Adrenal Cortex (e.g., cortisol)

Polypeptide Hormones

Produced by:

• Pituitary Gland (e.g., Human Growth Hormone - HGH, Luteinizing Hormone - LH)
• Pancreas (e.g., insulin)
• Hypothalamus (e.g., Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone - GHRH)

Amino Acid-Derived Hormones

Produced by:

• Adrenal Medulla (e.g., epinephrine)
• Thyroid Gland (e.g., thyroxine)

Diabetes Mellitus

Type 1 Diabetes

Cause: The pancreas fails to produce insulin, leading to high blood glucose levels.

Signs &

Essential Health and Medical Terminology

General Health States

• Health: A good natural condition of the body.
• Ill: Not in good health; sick (Spanish: *no encontrarse bien*).
• Disease: (Spanish: *enfermedad*) A more or less serious disorder of the body.
• Ailment: (Spanish: *achaque*) An illness.

Experiencing Illness and Pain

Symptoms and Conditions

• Suffer: (Spanish: *sufrir*) To experience, especially over a long period of time.
• Fall ill: (Spanish: *caer enfermo*) To become ill.
• Pain: A feeling in a particular part of the body.
• Ache: A continuous pain.
• Hurt: (Spanish: *herir*) To cause pain of any kind; to damage.
• Sore throat: Pain in the throat.
• Headache: Pain in the head.

Specific Ailments and Incidents

• Breakdown: (Spanish: *colapso*) A loss of mental health

The passive be+past participle ( the house was built in 1864) The causative have/get + object + past participle (David is going to have his house painted next month).

Modals (must, couldn’t, ought to, will be able to, might not, may, mustn't, don’t have to)

Pres.Simple->signs->are signed  Pres.Cont->is singning->are being signed

Pres.Simple->signed->were signed  Past.Cont->was signing->were being signed

Pres.PerfSimple->has signed->have been signed  Futur.Simpl->will sign->will be signed

Modals->should sign-> should be signed Modalsperfect->must have signed

->must have been signed Have.To->has to sign->have to be signed

be.Going.To->is going to sign->are going to be signed

can->solo... Continue reading "English Grammar: Passive Voice, Modals, and Vocabulary" »

Unit 9: Shopping and Finance

Key Vocabulary

• Financial terms: Discount, cash, owe, borrow, can afford, charge, cost, earn, get paid, be worth, own, pay back, save, spend, waste, lend.
• Shopping terms: Shopping centre, queue, receipt, till, bargain, changing room, the sales, refund, window shopping, department store.

Shopping Phrases

• Pay by credit card / Pay with cash
• Return / Exchange
• Fit me / Try on these shoes
• Order / Deliver

Grammar: Used To

• Affirmative: I used to like reggae music when I was a teenager.
• Negative: He didn't use to be as rich as he is now.
• Interrogative: Did you use to go to the beach every day when you lived in Greece?
• Short Answers: Yes, I did / No, I didn't.

The Passive Voice

In the passive voice, the object becomes the subject.

Present

A healthy lifestyle means maintaining a balanced and nutritious diet as well as engaging in sports or other fitness-related activities. A healthy diet alone, however, is inadequate to ensure a healthy body as physical activity helps to keep one in shape and free of sickness and disease. Also, having a healthy life means being mentally well and not being stressed.

I think everyone should start a healthy lifestyle at a young age. Parents must urge their children to eat more vegetables, fruits, juices, wholemeal, and wholegrain foods. Many parents, due to time constraints, usually find the easy way out by cooking two-minute noodles or heading towards the nearest fast-food joint for a quick meal. They do not realize, however, that this sets the... Continue reading "Tips for Starting a Healthy Lifestyle at a Young Age" »

3ESO English Vocabulary List

Tema 1: Free Time & Personality

Free-Time Activities

• chat online
• play tennis
• draw cartoons
• go to a disco
• go to the cinema
• go to the gym
• go to a youth group
• go out for a meal
• learn a language
• make models
• play computer games
• play an instrument
• relax
• do voluntary work

Character Adjectives

• adventurous
• cautious
• friendly
• unsociable
• energetic
• lazy
• shy
• confident
• talkative
• quiet
• generous
• selfish
• serious
• funny
• honest
• dishonest

Tema 2: IT & Jobs

IT Activities

• take a digital photo
• play a video game
• make a phone call
• scan a photo
• send an email
• store data
• print a document
• charge a mobile phone
• post a comment
• download a video clip
• write a blog
• plug in a memory device
• read an e-book
• go online

Jobs

• builder
• researcher
• lawyer
• electrician
• politician
• technician
• journalist
• scientist
• artist
• actor
• doctor
• fireman
• postman
• policewoman

Tema

Mrs. Costello's Influence on Winterbourne's Perception of Daisy

The Unflattering Light of High Society

Mrs. Costello, a representative of high society, casts an unflattering light on Winterbourne by influencing his opinions of Daisy Miller. Her snobbish views and shallow nature lead Winterbourne to question Daisy's character.

Mrs. Costello's Suspicions

Mrs. Costello suspects Daisy of being an adventuress, a social hustler seeking to compromise Winterbourne. This suspicion stems from Daisy's European background and her willingness to accept Winterbourne's invitation to Chillon.

The Millers' Vulgarity

Mrs. Costello also objects to the Millers'"new mone" status and their vulgar behavior. Daisy's excessive talking, use of slang, and lack of social graces... Continue reading "The Unflattering Influence of Mrs. Costello on Winterbourne's Perception of Daisy" »

INTRODUCTION

Breast cancer is the most frequent type of non-skin cancer and the most frequent cause of cancer death in women worldwide, and it is the second most frequent cause of cancer death in United States women. (See "Clinical features, diagnosis, and staging of newly diagnosed breast cancer", section on 'Introduction' and "Clinical features, diagnosis, and staging of newly diagnosed breast cancer", section on 'Epidemiology' and "Diagnostic evaluation of women with suspected breast cancer", section on 'Introduction'.)

The majority of breast cancers in the United States are diagnosed as a result of an abnormal screening study, although a significant number are first brought to attention by a patient. Findings suggest that screening mammography... Continue reading "Met-low patients" cancer français" »

Event & Performance Vocabulary

• Atmosphere: Ambient
• Award: Premi
• Costume: Vestit
• Flop: Fracàs
• Gossip column: Columna d'un diari de cotilleo
• Interval: Pausa
• Lighting: Il·luminació
• Review: Crítica
• Role model: Model a seguir
• Trendsetter: El que marca tendència
• Venue: Lloc de trobada
• Boo: Buu...
• Cheer: Animar
• Clap: Aplaudir
• Encourage: Animar
• Launch: Llençar
• Loathe: Odiar
• Rehearse: Assajar
• Worship: Adorar
• Controversial: Polèmic
• Disgraceful: Vergonyós
• Gifted: Habilitat
• Moving: Emocionant
• Notorious: Conegut
• Outrageous: Indignant
• Packed: Ple
• Prestigious: Prestigiós
• Spoilt: Deteriorat
• Stunning: Meravellós
• Wealthy: Ric
• Weird: Estrany
• Onstage: En escena
• Overnight: De la nit al dia
• Appeals to: Fer una crida
• Be around: Estar al voltant
• For years to come: Pels pròxims anys
• Front-