Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Medicine & Health

Contraception

Contraception for women who are breastfeeding
- A mother should not wait until the return of their menstrual period
1) regular intervals between breastfeedings (4 hours during day and 6 hours during night)
2) supplemental food 5%
3) for 6 months postpartum, when a woman doesn’t have menstruation
- condoms and spermicides can be used immediately
- intrauterine device can be inserted within the first 48 hours postpartum
- progesteron-only pills: 21 days postpartum, do not have any adverse effects on milk volume
- combined oral contraception: from 6 weeks, but it has adverse effect on milk volume- Contraception for overweight women- Overweight doesn't influence on the effectiveness of contraception. - Overweight increases the risk of... Continue reading "Contraception and Sexual Health Guidelines" »

Secondary Infertility: Diagnosis and Management

Understanding Secondary Infertility

Secondary infertility is the inability to conceive or carry a pregnancy to term after having had a successful pregnancy in the past.

Patient History (Hx)

• Obstetric History: Parity, Deliveries, Live births, Deaths (P/D/L/D)
• Sexual Activity: Regularity of intercourse
• Gynecological Diseases: History of relevant conditions
• Medications: Current and past drug use
• Lifestyle Factors: Smoking status

Key Contributing Factors

• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): Can lead to tubal damage.
• Appendicitis: May result in peritonitis and subsequent adhesions.
• Previous Surgeries: Can cause adhesions affecting fertility.
• Smoking: Associated with reduced fertility and increased risk of Sexually

Mastering English Vocabulary and Word Relationships

English to Spanish Vocabulary List (R-Y)

A collection of essential English terms and their corresponding Spanish translations:

• Rough: bravo, escandaloso
• Sank: hundirse
• Sat shivering for: permanecieron sentados temblando
• Seals: focas
• Seasoned ship's captain: capitán de barco experto
• Set: decorado
• Shoplift: ladrón
• Sign up: contactar
• Signal: señal
• Sitcom: comedia de situación
• Soap opera: telenovela
• Soften the blow: suavizar el golpe
• Sorry about: arrepentido por
• Sorry for: arrepentido de
• Spacecraft: nave espacial
• Staff: personal
• Steal: robar
• Step out: salir
• Sunscreen: crema de sol
• Supplies: provisiones
• Suspect: sospechar
• Switch: intercambiar
• Take off: despegue
• Take place: tener lugar
• Take up: ocupan
• Tempt: tentar
• Tend

H2O (-)

Loop Diuretics (Potassium losing)

H2O (+)

Understanding Cannabis: Basics and Composition

Cannabis, also known as marijuana among other names,^{[n 1]} is a psychoactive drug derived from the Cannabis plant, primarily intended for medical or recreational use.^[16][17][18] The main psychoactive component of cannabis is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), one of 483 known compounds in the plant,^[19] including at least 65 other cannabinoids.^[20]

Methods of Cannabis Consumption

• Smoking
• Vaporizing
• Ingestion (within food)
• As an extract

Effects and Side Effects of Cannabis Use

Cannabis is often used for its mental and physical effects, which include:

• A "high" or "stoned" feeling
• A general change in perception
• Euphoria (heightened mood)
• An increase in appetite

^[21][22]

Onset and Duration of Effects

The onset of effects... Continue reading "Cannabis Explained: Effects, Uses, and Global Status" »

This pushes your blood through your body: heart (corazon)

Grammar: the comparative, superlative, and equative

Understanding Drug Use and Addiction

We are all drug users. From the caffeine in your morning coffee that keeps you awake, to the ridiculous amounts of sugar in almost everything we consume that keeps you coming back for more. Some people need multiple doses of prescribed Xanax to get through the day, and some need to inject heroin. The drugs may be different, but the *hole they are trying to fill is often the same*.

We all have the potential to fall victim to drug addiction – legal or illegal. That is why it is vital for us to have a good understanding of what addiction means and how to help those afflicted, instead of incriminating them. Drug addiction will undoubtedly touch your life at some point. You will probably know someone who is,... Continue reading "Addiction and Society: Fostering Empathy and Effective Solutions" »

Understanding Food Contamination

Food contaminants are substances which may be present in foods as a result of how they have been handled through the different stages of production or as a result of environmental contamination.

What are Foodborne Illnesses?

Foodborne illnesses result from eating spoiled food or food that has been contaminated. When a foodborne illness involves an infection, it is called a foodborne infection.

Common Foodborne Infections

• Salmonellosis

  Salmonellosis is a foodborne illness caused by eating food contaminated with Salmonella bacteria. These bacteria are often found in contaminated water, in poorly preserved foods made with egg, and in meat. Symptoms include headache, vomiting, and diarrhea. It is particularly serious

Vocabulary (Text 1)

Common Antidepressants and Medications

• Serotonin: A neurotransmitter that carries signals between nerve cells.
• Mood Stabilizer: A medication that helps regulate mood swings.
• MAOIs (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors): A class of antidepressants.
• SNRIs (Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors): A class of antidepressants that increase serotonin and norepinephrine levels.
• Remeron (Mirtazapine): An antidepressant used to treat major depressive disorder.
• Wellbutrin (Bupropion): An antidepressant and smoking cessation aid.
• Amitriptyline: A tricyclic antidepressant.
• Skelaxin (Metaxalone): A muscle relaxant.
• Flexeril (Cyclobenzaprine): A muscle relaxant.
• Cephalexin: An antibiotic.
• Percocet: A pain medication containing acetaminophen and oxycodone.

Essential English Vocabulary: Definitions and Usage

Emotional and Mental States

• Apprehensive: Zabrinut (Worried).
• Baffled: Zbunit nekog da ne kuzi i nemre objasnit (Perplexed).
• Bewildered: Confused/uncertain.
• Circumspect: Unwilling to take risks.
• Disenchanted: Razočaran u nešto si se divio (Disappointed in something you admired).
• Distraught: Extremely nervous/worried.
• Elated/Thrilled: Extremely happy.
• Evocative: Makes you remember something pleasant.
• Overwhelmed: Full of emotions.
• Perplexed: Feeling confused or worried by something difficult to understand.
• Reluctant: Unwilling to do something.
• Repentant/Remorseful: Feeling sorry for something you've done.
• Tense/Nervous/Worried.
• Uneasy: Uncomfortable about something.
• Unnerved: Feeling less confident.
• Withdrawn: