Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Medicine & Health

Clinical Laboratory Equipment Essentials

Water Bath

Used to incubate samples at a desired temperature.

Centrifuge

An equipment used to separate substances that differ significantly in their masses by using centrifugal force.

Spectrophotometer

Measures substances in the ultraviolet (200 – 400 nm) as well as in the visible range (400 – 700 nm) of the electromagnetic spectrum of light.

Micropipettes

Used to dispense micro volumes of samples or reagents.

Enzyme Kinetics and Inhibition

Competitive vs. Non-Competitive Inhibitors

Relationship Between Km and Substrate Affinity

• An enzyme with a high Km has a low affinity for its substrate and requires a greater concentration

Please stand (1) on this board. Put your hands on the back of your hips and your elbows forward. I'll help you. (2) push your elbows (3) out. Keep (4) breathing. In a moment I'll ask you to (5) take a deep breath in and hold it. Breathe in, (6) hold it. That's it. Fine. You can breathe out now.

Thank you. I'll need to check the film. Now I'm going to take a side view.

Can you stand (7) sideways with your right side close to the machine and your arms raised?

1 MRI provides more detailed information than CT because of high contrast sensitivity.

2 MRI is not approved for use in the first three months of pregnancy.

3 MRI is safer than X-rays because there is no radiation.

4 MRI allows imaging on many planes unlike CT.

1 I'm going to

We Are What We Eat

Good morning, my name is Mª José and I am going to talk about eating habits.

Understanding Diets

First of all, a diet can be described as a set course of eating and drinking in which the kind and amount of food one should eat is planned out in order to achieve weight loss or follow a certain lifestyle.

I’ll focus on the Mediterranean diet, vegetarian diet, and vegan diet.

The Mediterranean Diet

On the one hand, I am really keen on the Mediterranean diet because it is full of vitamins, minerals, and good fats. Of course, my favourite dish is “Paella”.

It is a typical Valencian dish made with rice, vegetables, rabbit, and chicken.

Moreover, I always try to eat home-made food. When I don’t have enough time to cook, I prepare... Continue reading "Healthy Eating Habits: Mediterranean, Vegetarian, and Vegan Diets" »

Medicine, Health, and Lifestyle

The Importance of Healthy Eating

Eating healthy food helps you keep fit and is very important for our body because extra weight puts additional pressure on joints and bones.

Furthermore, a balanced diet makes it less likely to suffer from heart attacks, cancer, diabetes, and obesity.

Balancing Your Diet: Fats, Sugars, and Salt

While our diet requires some fats, sugars, and salt, consuming them in large quantities is not advisable.

Vitamins, Minerals, and a Fruitful Diet

Providing our body with essential vitamins and minerals is paramount, best achieved through a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables.

Exercise: Benefits and Considerations

Some people believe exercise is the most crucial factor for a healthy lifestyle,... Continue reading "Optimal Health: Diet, Stress Management, and Medical Paths" »

Opción A

Section 1: True/False

FALSE (11 and 12), FALSE (17 and 18), TRUE (22 and 23)

Section 2: Solo Mothers

For guiding solo mothers in the United States.

Out to about 26,000.

• Past
• b) Meet up
• c) Law
• d) I have raised my children correctly

Section 4: Questions

• Are they expensive?
• What makes them better?
• Where can you buy them?
• How did you find out about them?
• How does that work?

Let's hope your parents get you one.

Section 5: Apologies & Requests

I'm so sorry, Mum and Dad. I was hoping to spend just on language, but the last exams for Math and Chemistry went wrong.

Mum, honestly, I think it's not necessary to wake me up so early. I can get ready in thirty minutes. Please, I want to rest more.

Friend, it is better to be honest with him than to lie to him.

Section

Health and Wellness Overview

Exercise

Aerobic Exercise (Cardio)

Stimulates heart rate and breathing rate. Examples include:

• Spinning
• Running
• Swimming
• Walking

Anaerobic Exercise

Short, strength-based activities with short exertion and high-intensity movement. Examples include:

• Weight Lifting
• Sprinting
• Jumping

Nutrition

Proteins

Large, complex molecules required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs. Made of amino acids.

The Five Main Food Groups

• Vegetables
• Fruit
• Grain
• Protein
• Dairy

Food Pyramid

A nutritional diagram in the shape of a pyramid.

Nutrients

Substances in food that your body needs.

• Macronutrients: Provide calories and energy (carbohydrates, protein, fat)
• Micronutrients: Only needed in small amounts

Diseases

Cancer

A disease... Continue reading "Introduction to Health and Wellness" »

Present Continuous & Common Verbs

Not keeping, not using, are entering, are lifting, bringing, working

Quantifiers

Some, any, a, an, any, a, some, any, a, an, some, any

Prepositions of Place

Next to, under, on, in, in front of, behind, between

Fastening Techniques

1. Tie up (atar)
2. Zip up (abrochar), button (abotonar)
3. Solder (soldar)
4. Nail (clavar)
5. Staple (grapar), pin (pinchar)
6. Bolt (atornillar)
7. Spread (juntar)
8. Lay (extender)
9. Chain (encadenar), padlock (encadenar)
10. Screw (atornillar)

Safety Warnings

Don't drink this water, wear gloves, lift with care, be careful! Slippery floor, don't smoke, wear protection, don't bring food or drink in here, be careful! Wet paint, keep the aisle clear.

Material Identification

Nylon: nailon, wood: madera, wool: lana, cardboard:... Continue reading "Essential Workplace Safety & Material Guide" »

Organ Transplants and Donation

Food Preservation Techniques

Traditional Preservation Methods (TT)

• Curing: Addition of salt to preserve food.
• Cooling: A process of removing heat to slow spoilage.
• Heating: Heating food to temperatures sufficient to kill microorganisms.
• Canning: Cooking food and sealing it in sterilized cans.
• Fermentation: The process of converting carbohydrates to alcohol or organic acids using microorganisms.

Industrial and Modern Techniques (MIT)

• Pasteurization: A process that kills microorganisms in food and drink using high temperatures.
• Vacuum Packing: A method of packaging that removes air from the package prior to sealing.
• Artificial Food Additives: Substances added to products to prevent decomposition.
• Biopreservation: The use of natural or controlled microorganisms

Essential Medical Terminology and Patient Interview Phrases

Common Medical Abbreviations and Acronyms

Abdo.

Abdomen

a.c.

Before meals

AJ

Ankle Jerk

a.m.

Morning

AP

Antero-Posterior

AS

Alimentary System

A&W

Alive and Well

BB

Bed Bath

b.d./b.i.d.

Twice a day

BI

Bone Injury

BID

Brought In Dead

BM

Bowel Movement

BP

Blood Pressure

BS

Bowel Sounds

CAD

Coronary Artery Disease

CCF

Congestive Cardiac Failure

Chr. CF

Chronic Cardiac Failure

CNS

Central Nervous System

C/o

Complains of

Creps

Crepitations

CT

Cerebral Tumor; Coronary Thrombosis

CV

Cardiovascular

CVS

Cardiovascular System; Cerebrovascular System

D

Divorced

ECG/EKG

Electrocardiogram

EEG

Electroencephalogram

ENT

Ear, Nose, Throat

F

Female

FUO

Fever of Unknown Origin

GC

General Condition

GIS

Gastro-Intestinal System

GP

General Practitioner

GUS

Genito-Urinary