Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Medicine & Health

Culinary Terms and Food Descriptors

• Steamed: Cooked by being placed in steam. Example: Steamed vegetables retain more nutrients.
• Seasoned: Enhanced with flavorings. Example: The salad needs to be seasoned; maybe a little salt and olive oil will be enough.
• Stewed: Cooked slowly in a small amount of liquid. Example: The stewed apples were soft and flavorful.
• Broth: A soup, often with vegetables or rice in it. Example: Chicken broth is a common base for soups.
• Savory: Having a usually salty, but not sweet taste. Example: The dish had a savory flavor that was very satisfying.
• Jelly: A soft, sweet food that shakes when you move it. Example: Strawberry jelly is a popular choice for toast.
• Tender: (Of meat) Soft and easy to bite through. Example: The steak

Coetzee Wins Nobel Prize

Coetzee wins Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prize has often been misapplied. It evaded Tolstoy, Chekhov, Joyce, Kafka, and Nabokov. Coetzee was born in Cape Town in 1940 and trained as a computer scientist, coming to London in the Sixties to work for IBM, a period recollected in a superb autobiographical novel. According to the text, literary qualities have not always been the main reason for authors to be awarded a Nobel Prize for Literature. Sometimes, the judges have been influenced by political factors. Before writing his first novel, Coetzee was very busy professionally. In the Sixties, he worked for IBM in London and later became a professor of Literature in the United States and finally in Cape Town.

a) unquestionably c)

Darwin and the Theory of Evolution

General Facts About Darwin

• He explained how natural selection could produce evolution.
• The HMS Beagle adventure: a five-year round-the-world trip to make maps.
• He recorded data (notes and pictures) and collected specimens.
• The experience in the Galapagos Islands. Darwin was shocked by the great variability in the islands.
• The famous Galapagos finches: beaks designed for different food. Did they come from just one species?
• He came up with an idea that was not new, but he was the first one making enough arguments to persuade people that evolution happens.

History of Darwin and Wallace

Darwin was born in 1809 in Shrewsbury, England. He belonged to a wealthy family. His father and grandfather were both physicians. He started... Continue reading "Darwin, Mendel, Landsteiner, and Arsuaga: Key Figures in Science" »

Travel and Tourism Keywords

Travel agent, peak season, downside, destination, wildlife conservation, stunning, habitat, tour operator, policy, waste, range, flora and fauna, carbon footprints, biodiversity, fragile environment, pollute, under threat, increasing in popularity, itinerary, on the rise, ecotourism, endangered species, last-remaining, facing a crisis, dedicated, passengers, ecological damage, wilderness, landscape, raising animals, crops, campsites, off the beaten track, self-catering, Youth hostels, board and lodging, backpackers, go on a trek, vacate rooms

Commonly Misspelled Words

impact-, accounts-, devoted-, classified-, -particular, equal-, (to, in, on, for, as)

Travel-Related Vocabulary

settle, dish, at dawn, merely, on the move,... Continue reading "The Impact of Tourism: Balancing Exploration with Conservation" »

Essential Travel Phrases, Idioms, and Vocabulary

Travel Actions and Phrasal Verbs

• Taxied (e.g., an aircraft moving on the ground before takeoff or after landing)
• Take off (e.g., an aircraft leaving the ground; to begin a journey quickly)
• Give you a lift (offer someone a ride in a vehicle)
• Delayed (postponed or running late)
• Boarded (got on a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle)
• Rest (relax or cease activity)
• Head for: Go in the direction of a particular place.
• Come up with: Think of or produce an idea or plan.
• Turn out: Attend or take part in an event; or to happen in a particular way.
• Come across: Find something or meet someone by chance.
• Get about / Get around: Move from place to place.
• See off: Go to an airport, station, etc., to say goodbye to someone

The bandage was wound around the wound.

• bandage - material used to help protect an injury
• wound (v) - past tense of 'wind,' meaning movement in a circular motion, wrap
• wound (n) - an injury

The farm was used to produce produce.

• produce (v) - make or manufacture
• produce (n) - things that have been grown on a farm: fruits, vegetables, nuts, etc.

The dump was so full that it had to refuse more refuse.

• dump - a place for depositing trash
• refuse (v) - not willing to accept
• refuse (n) - trash

We must polish the Polish furniture.

• polish (v) - to make the surface of something smooth and shiny by rubbing it
• Polish (n) - something or someone from Poland

He could lead if he would get the lead out.

• lead (v) - to organize and direct, to be in command
• lead (n) - a type

Navigating Cultures

Concepts: Appropriate, Awkward, Culture Gap, Fit In, Foreign, Language Barrier, Manners, Misconception, Narrow-minded, Open-minded, Outlook, Roots, Rude, Sensitive, Straightforward, Subtle, Tend To

Text: Anxiety, Attempt To, Heritage, Long For, Lose Touch With, Overwhelming, Resentful, Stay Behind, Trembling, Untouched

Phrasal Verbs

• Call On
• Carry Out
• Dress Up
• Make Of
• Show Off
• Stand Up For
• Stick To

Collocations

• Catch a Cold
• Catch by Surprise
• Catch Sight Of
• Catch Someone Red-Handed
• Catch Someone’s Eye
• Fall Asleep
• Fall Ill
• Fall in Love
• Fall into Place
• Fall Out of Favor
• Lose Count
• Lose One’s Nerve

Safety First

Concepts: Burn, Burn Down, Catch Fire, Choking, Collide, Concerned, Crash, Distract, Drown, Ensure, Faulty, Knock Over, Lifeguard, Safety... Continue reading "Navigating Culture, Safety, and Sports: Key Vocabulary" »

Unit Test 2: Grammar

7. 1. She met some friends while (she was) travelling around Europe.

2. I had read the novel before I saw the film.

3. We were very tired because we had gone to bed late the night before.

4. By the time I arrived, everyone had left.

5. We were having dinner when our friends arrived.

6. I was watching a film yesterday evening at 8 o'clock.

Reading: High-Tech Bike Sharing

1. 1. c 2. b

2. 1. T - "Consequently, many parking spots have already been transformed into bike stations."

2. F - "If riders fail to return them - or if the bikes are stolen - it will cost them $200."

3. T - "...making streets safer for two-wheelers. With that purpose in mind, Washington has already installed more than 48 km of bike lanes."

3. 1. They come with advanced

A

• ask someone out: invite someone on a date
• ask around: ask many people the same question
• add up to something: equal

B

• back something up: reverse
• back someone up: support
• blow up: explode
• blow something up: add air
• break down: stop functioning (vehicle, machine)
• break down: get upset
• break something down: divide into smaller parts
• break in: force entry to a building
• break into something: enter forcibly
• break something in: wear something a few times so that it doesn't look/feel new
• break in: interrupt
• break up: end a relationship
• break up: start laughing (informal)
• break out: escape
• break out in something: develop a skin condition
• bring someone down: make someone unhappy
• bring someone up: raise a child
• bring something up: start talking about a subject
• bring something