Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Medicine & Health

Article 166: Employer Safety Obligations

Article 166

The employer undertakes to provide the measures of occupational safety and health at the workplaces in such a way as to ensure prevention from work hazards. These hazards include:

• Mechanical hazards: These can arise as a result of a collision or contact between the worker’s body and a solid object, such as construction, building, and excavation hazards, collapse and fall hazards, and hazards arising from devices, machines, and transportation and handling means.
• Chemical hazards: Risks arising from handling solid, liquid, or gas chemical substances that can arise from the leakage of any substances into the working environment.
• Natural hazards: Factors affecting the worker’s safety and health

The changing in our eating habits in the last few decades have been mostly negative. In my opinion I think that there are more and more problems with the food industries and one of the biggest problems is meat. Many people have stopped eating it because of the treatment of animals. Another reason I think people feed on a lot of pre-cooked food for different reasons and one of them may be not having time to cook because of work, studies… I think that this may be hurting our health as many food we eat in don’t have enough vitamins (that food has without being pre-cooked.) These contain more fats, calories and other substances that are not needed in all foods. To finish I think we should pay more attention to what we should eat, and it’s... Continue reading "Modern Societal Challenges" »

Essential English Vocabulary

Common Terms and Expressions

• Alike - Semblant
• Adequate - Appropriate
• Awkward - Complicat
• Culture gap - Bretxa cultural
• Fit in - Encaixar
• Foreign - Estrany
• Misconception - Idea equivocada
• Outlook - Punt de vista
• Narrow-minded - Mentalitat tancada
• Roots - Origen
• Straightforward - Sincer/Directe
• Unheard of - Insòlit/a
• Come what may - Passi el que passi
• Fetch - Anar
• Heritage - Patrimoni
• Long for - Desitjar
• Overwhelming - Insuportable

Work and Education

• Boom - Molta demanda
• Degree - Grau
• Freelance - Per compte propi
• Internship - (Estada de) pràctiques
• Overtime - Hores extres
• Range - Varietat
• Rewarding - Gratificant
• Room for advancement - Possibilitat d'ascens
• Self-employed - Autònom
• Shift - Torn
• Think outside the box - Pensar diferent
• Troubleshooting

Common English Idioms and Phrases

Idioms with Meanings and Examples

Put Your Foot in Your Mouth

Meaning: To say something foolish, embarrassing, or hurtful by accident.

Example: I put my foot in my mouth when I called my brother's new wife by his ex-wife's name.

Cost an Arm and a Leg

Meaning: To be very expensive.

Example: It cost me an arm and a leg to get my car fixed.

Get Off My Back

Meaning: Stop bothering or criticizing me.

Example: Stop telling me what to do. Get off my back!

Give Someone the Cold Shoulder

Meaning: To ignore someone or treat them in an unfriendly way.

Example: I saw my ex-girlfriend at a party, but she wouldn't talk to me. She gave me the cold shoulder.

Feel Weak at the Knees

Meaning: To feel nervous, frightened, or excited.

Example:

Automotive Knowledge Assessment

Vehicle Recommendations for Specific Buyers

1. Janet: I recommend a red convertible for Janet. She is a single, mature, ambitious businesswoman with no dependents. She would surely love such a car.
2. Edward: Edward needs a car that makes him feel young again and helps him overcome his mid-life crisis. Since he is wealthy, I would recommend a super sport car.
3. John: John should certainly buy a hatchback. Given his young age and the fact that this is his first car, I believe it is the most suitable choice for him now.

Automotive Exterior Parts Vocabulary

Front and Top Components

• Sun roof
• Roof
• Windscreen
• Windscreen wiper
• Bonnet
• Logo
• Headlight
• Front bumper
• Indicator
• Wing
• Wheel arch
• Sill
• Tyre
• Wheel trim

Rear and Side Components

• Side window
• Rear

Body Parts and Related Terms

• Back of Hand: Esquena o dur (Dorsum of Hand)
• Cheek: Galta (Mofletes) (Cheek)
• Fingertip: Punta del dit (Fingertip)
• Foot: Peu (Foot)
• Forearm: Antebraç (Forearm)
• Forehead: Front (Forehead)
• Nose: Nas (Nose)
• Palm: Palmell de la mà (Palm of the Hand)
• Upper Lip: Llavi superior (Upper Lip)

Verbs and Actions Related to Pain

• Cope with: Poder amb (To manage/deal with)
• Feel: Sentir (To feel)
• Got: Aconseguit (Achieved/Gotten)
• Losing: Perdent (Losing)
• Relieve: Aliviar (To relieve)
• Took Away: Se'n va anar (Went away)
• Wears Off: Desaparèixer (To disappear/fade)
• Survive: Sobreviure (To survive)
• Makes: Fer (To make/do)
• Cured: Curar (Cured)
• Suffer: Sufrir (To suffer)
• Cannot: No poder (Cannot/Unable to)
• Cause: Causa (To cause)
• Managed: Gestionat (Managed)

In professional and personal contexts, knowing how to write a sincere and effective apology is crucial. This document outlines key elements and provides an example to help you master the art of apology communication.

Key Elements of an Apology Letter or Email

A well-structured apology addresses the issue clearly, expresses genuine regret, explains the situation, outlines corrective actions, and offers appropriate compensation or goodwill gestures.

Introduction: Acknowledging the Issue

• Thank you for your letter...
• I was sorry to hear that...
• Thank you for bringing this matter to our attention.

Apology: Expressing Regret

• I can only apologize for...
• Please accept my sincere apologies (for...).
• We apologize for any inconvenience caused / for the inconvenience.

-good morning teacher and classmate, today i'm going to explain about evolotion of conventional medicine.

- In most western countries it's practiced what we're used to call conventional medicine.

-thaught in medical schools and believed to be the most effective treatment, the most common treatments of conventional medicine include the prescription of antibiotics and prescription of scientifically tested farmaceuticals or surgical procedures.

-twelve haundred to six haundred before christ(1200-600)sushruta was an indian physician also he has been the first known surgeon in history, He authored the sushruta samhita, a commentary on medical science of surgery.

-four haundred sixty before christ( 460) hippocrates was recognized as the father of modern... Continue reading "A Brief History of Conventional Medicine" »

1) What are the vital signs?

- Blood pressure (BP), Temperature, heart rate, respiration rate, saturation of oxygen

2) What different patient charts are there? What do nurses document on them?

- Observation charts: Nurses document the patient's vital signs.
- Fluid balance chart: To document input/output of liquids/fluids.
- Drugs chart: To document the drugs given/administered to the patient.

3) Name different types of trolleys.

- Drugs trolley
- Dressings trolley
- Crash trolley

4) What happens when a patient is on a waiting list and a hospital bed becomes vacant?

The patient is contacted and told when to report to the hospital for admission.

5) Can all illnesses be treated at home?

No, not all illnesses can be treated at home. Some need hospitalization,... Continue reading "A Comprehensive Guide to Hospital Procedures, Common Illnesses, and Patient Care" »

Hospital Departments & Nursing Insights

My mother always dreamed of working in a hospital, specifically in the *Accident and Emergency (A&E)* department. This is where patients arrive and are admitted for urgent care.

From my perspective, the ground floor is often where the most critical activities unfold, housing not only A&E but also the *operating theatres* and *delivery rooms*. Once, during her time as a nursing student, she had to attend to an elderly person who had suffered a *myocardial infarction* (heart attack). As it was her first experience, she didn't feel adequately prepared to perform tasks like checking blood pressure and administering injections. In that challenging moment, my mother primarily focused on preparing... Continue reading "Hospital Care Unveiled: Patient Journeys & Medical Services" »