Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Law & Jurisprudence

Sort by
Subject
Level

Canadian Legal System & Contract Law Essentials

Classified in Law & Jurisprudence

Written on in English with a size of 18.4 KB

Canadian Charter & Legal System Foundations

Definition: Part of Canada’s Constitution that guarantees fundamental rights and freedoms. Legislation that violates a Charter right can be invalidated unless it meets the Oakes Test.

Scenario: A small business is subject to a provincial regulation restricting certain advertisements. The business argues the restriction violates freedom of expression under the Charter. A court applies the Oakes Test to see if the limit is justifiable.

Understanding Legal Tribunals

Definition: Specialized boards or agencies (e.g., labour boards, human rights tribunals) created by statute to deal with specific issues more efficiently than courts.

Scenario: An employee alleges discrimination. Instead of suing in court,... Continue reading "Canadian Legal System & Contract Law Essentials" »

Research Ethics and Intellectual Property in Engineering

Classified in Law & Jurisprudence

Written on in English with a size of 1.99 MB

Types of Research Misconduct

  • Fabrication (Illegitimate creation of data): Fabrication is the act of conjuring data or experiments with a belief of knowledge about what the conclusion of the analysis or experiments would be, but cannot wait for the results possibly due to timeline pressures from supervisor or customers.

  • Falsification (Inappropriate alteration of data): Falsification is the misrepresentation or misinterpretation, or illegitimate alteration of data or experiments, even if partly, to support a desired hypothesis even when the actual data received from experiments suggest otherwise. Falsification and fabrication of data and results hamper engineering research and cause false empirical data to percolate in the literature, wreck trustworthiness

... Continue reading "Research Ethics and Intellectual Property in Engineering" »

Essential Guide to Healthcare Regulations and Legal Frameworks

Classified in Law & Jurisprudence

Written on in English with a size of 600.02 KB

Blood Banks: Vital Role in Modern Medicine

Blood bank: A blood bank is a facility that collects, stores, and provides blood for transfusions. Blood banks play a crucial role in modern medicine, as they provide a vital resource for patients who require blood transfusions due to medical conditions, surgeries, and accidents. Blood banks collect blood donations from volunteer donors, which are then screened, processed, and stored for future use. The blood is typically separated into various components, including red blood cells, plasma, and platelets, which can be used to treat different medical conditions.

Requirements for Setting Up a Blood Bank

Requirement:

  1. Space: The area required for setting up the facility is only 10 square metres, well lighted,
... Continue reading "Essential Guide to Healthcare Regulations and Legal Frameworks" »

US Presidency and Executive Branch: Key Terms

Classified in Law & Jurisprudence

Written on in English with a size of 3.59 KB

Key Terms of the US Presidency and Executive Branch

  1. Veto: The President rejects a bill.
  2. Bureaucracy: Executive departments and agencies that enforce laws.
  3. Executive Order: Presidential policy enacted without Congress.
  4. Iron Triangle: Bureaucracy, Congress, and interest groups working together.
  5. Policy Agenda: A set of issues the government is focused on.
  6. Independent Regulatory Agency: Regulates specific economic sectors.
  7. Independent Executive Agency: Like a cabinet, but with a narrower focus.
  8. Line-item Veto: The President blocks specific provisions of a bill.
  9. Executive Agreement: The President's agreement with another nation.
  10. Executive Privilege: The President's right to withhold information.
  11. Honeymoon Period: High presidential popularity immediately after
... Continue reading "US Presidency and Executive Branch: Key Terms" »

Understanding Partnership Rights and Responsibilities

Classified in Law & Jurisprudence

Written on in English with a size of 2.69 KB

In a partnership, two or more individuals or entities agree to carry on a business together with the goal of making a profit. Both partners have rights and duties that govern their relationship and the business operations. Here's an outline of the key rights and duties:

Key Rights of Business Partners

  • Right to Participate in Management: Each partner has the right to take part in the management and decision-making of the partnership unless otherwise agreed.
  • Right to Profits: Partners are entitled to share the profits of the business according to the terms of the partnership agreement (or equally if not specified).
  • Right to Access Information: Partners have the right to access the partnership's books and records and inspect the business's financial
... Continue reading "Understanding Partnership Rights and Responsibilities" »

Key Legal Terms and Concepts: Definitions and Examples

Classified in Law & Jurisprudence

Written on in English with a size of 3.93 KB

Exercise 1: Legal Terminology

  1. Commits
  2. To sue
  3. Press
  4. Offenses
  5. Crimes
  6. Felonies
  7. Defendant
  8. Imprisonment
  9. Settlement
  10. Ensure

Exercise 2: Legal Concepts

Land Law vs. Immigration Law

  • Land Law: Regulates property ownership, use, and disputes over real estate or land. It deals with property and land use (derecho de propiedad).
  • Immigration Law: Regulates the entry, stay, and removal of individuals in a country.

Barrister vs. Solicitor

  • Barrister: A lawyer who specializes in court advocacy and litigation.
  • Solicitor: Provides legal advice, prepares documents, and represents clients outside the courtroom.

Defendant vs. Prosecutor

  • Defendant: The person accused of a crime in a court case.
  • Prosecutor: A legal representative who brings charges against the defendant on behalf of the
... Continue reading "Key Legal Terms and Concepts: Definitions and Examples" »

The New Zealand Legal Profession and Court System

Posted by Anonymous and classified in Law & Jurisprudence

Written on in English with a size of 26.8 KB

What is a Profession?

Definitions and Traits

What is the difference between a profession and an ordinary job? Here are some key definitions and traits:

  • Dictionary Definition: According to Littrich & Murray, citing the Oxford English Dictionary, a profession is “a vocation or calling, especially one that involves some branch of advanced science or learning.”
  • Common Traits (Millerson in Littrich & Murray):
    • Skill based on a body of theoretical knowledge.
    • Provision of training and education.
    • Testing competence prior to entrance.
    • Organisation.
    • A code of ethics.
    • An ethos of altruistic service.
    • Selflessness.
  • Dal Pont’s Common Attributes of a Profession:
    • Special skill and learning.
    • Public service.
    • Differentiates from other professions.
    • Self-regulation
... Continue reading "The New Zealand Legal Profession and Court System" »

New Zealand Constitutional Law: Manner, Form, and Conventions

Classified in Law & Jurisprudence

Written on in English with a size of 2.31 KB

Manner and Form Requirements

Trethawon - The Privy Council upheld the manner and form of restriction on the Australian legislature. Even though it can be distinguished on the basis that, at the time, Australia had a colonial legislature as compared to New Zealand's sovereign Parliament.

Westco (HC) - Manner and form requirements can be applied (Obiter). At [93], McGechan J said, “While the point does not arise directly in this case, which is not a “manner and form” case but is a “content” case, I see no reason why the Court could not intervene in cases of non-compliance with the mandatory manner and form requirements as to passage of legislation at some suitable point before enactment.” If the content of the legislation offends, the... Continue reading "New Zealand Constitutional Law: Manner, Form, and Conventions" »

Law and Rights: Foundations of Societal Order and Freedom

Classified in Law & Jurisprudence

Written on in English with a size of 2.49 KB

Understanding Law

Law is a system of rules and guidelines created and enforced by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior. It plays a crucial role in maintaining order, protecting individual rights, and resolving disputes within society. Laws can vary widely between different countries and cultures, but they generally serve similar purposes, such as promoting justice and ensuring that individuals can coexist peacefully.

Types of Law

  • Criminal Law: Governs crimes and punishments, defining offenses against the state or public.
  • Civil Law: Deals with disputes between individuals or organizations, often involving compensation or restitution.
  • Administrative Law: Regulates the activities of governmental agencies and ensures they follow
... Continue reading "Law and Rights: Foundations of Societal Order and Freedom" »

Key Legal Frameworks in India: Commercial and Digital Laws

Posted by Anonymous and classified in Law & Jurisprudence

Written on in English with a size of 27.49 KB

Contract of Agency: Fundamentals and Formation

Defining Agency and the Agent's Role

A contract of agency establishes a legal relationship where one person (the principal) authorizes another (the agent) to perform work or transact on their behalf with third parties. In this arrangement, the agent’s role is not merely to conduct errands but to represent the principal by binding them through acts performed within the granted authority. As defined under many legal frameworks—including the Indian Contract Act, 1872 (see, for example, Section 182)—an agent is “a person employed to do any act for another or to represent another in dealings with third persons.”

Essence of Agency Relationships

The value of an agency relationship lies in its capacity... Continue reading "Key Legal Frameworks in India: Commercial and Digital Laws" »