Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Law & Jurisprudence

Victims of a Crime Should Have a Say in the Criminal's Punishment

I think the victims of a crime should be involved in deciding the criminal's punishment but within the framework of existing laws. Sometimes laws are not as tough as they should be, and considering the victim's opinion could lead to a reevaluation of these laws based on the real trauma that victims have endured.

However, caution should be exercised with the victim's input, as they may seek their own form of justice, which goes against the purpose of established laws. For example, in cases of sexual assault, judges should consider the victim's experience and impose a sentence that includes rehabilitation in addition to jail time, as the perpetrators may have underlying psychological... Continue reading "Involvement of Crime Victims in Criminal Punishment Decisions" »

Affordable Care Act:

1. Insurers cannot reject a person with a pre-existing condition as of 2014.

2. Adult children can stay on their parent's plan until the age of 26.

3. Insurers cannot rescind benefits due to an insured individual's honest mistake on the insurance application.

4. No lifetime limits on coverage.

5. Insurers must cover certain preventative services without applying co-payments, coinsurance, or deductibles.

6. Individuals can choose primary care physicians from within a plan's provider network and can obtain services from an OB-GYN without a referral from a physician.

7. Insurers must provide rebates to participants if certain percentages are not met.

Health Insurance Plans:

1. Traditional health insurance plans

2. Managed-care plans:

Case Holdings

Partition of Land
Any joint owner of land or joint owner of tenancy can make application for partition of holding. The application for the partition of land is filed before the land revenue officer. A person who has no share in land cannot file suit of partition of the land.
2. Relevant Provision:
Sec. 135 to 150 Land Revenue Act 1967.
3. Application for Partition of Land:
According to Sec. 135 any joint owner of land may apply to a revenue officer for partition of his share in the land.
(i) Conditions for Filing Application:
(a) At the date of application the share is recorded under Chapter VI as belonging to him or.
(b) His right to the share has been established by a decree which is still subsisting as that date or.
(c) A written acknowledgement... Continue reading "Land Revenue Act: Partition, Record of Rights, and Recovery of Arrears" »

Damages

Money that a defendant pays a plaintiff in a civil case if the plaintiff has won.

Defendant

An individual (or business) against whom a lawsuit is filed.

Habeas Corpus

Meaning "you have the body." A writ of habeas corpus generally is a judicial order forcing law enforcement authorities to produce a prisoner they are holding, and to justify the prisoner's continued confinement.

Issue

1. The disputed point between parties in a lawsuit;
2. To send out officially, as in a court issuing an order.

Mistrial

An invalid trial, caused by fundamental error.

Panel

1. In appellate cases, a group of judges (usually three) assigned to decide the case;
2. In the jury selection process

Plaintiff

A person or business that files a formal complaint with the court.

Plea

The defendant'... Continue reading "Legal Glossary: Essential Terms for Understanding the Law" »

IR theories:

PUBLIC ORDER AND SAFETY OFFENSES:

Designed to protect the general public by dealing with behavior that is not necessarily morally wrong but nonetheless affects the peace and safety of the community.

BREACH OF PEACE

At C/L any voluntary action that disturbed a community’s peace without lawful justification or excuse was considered a crime.

UNLAWFUL ASSEMBLY

• ROUT – NJ 2C:33-1b unlawful assembly
• RIOT – NJ 2C:33-1 unlawful assembly
• DISORDERLY CONDUCT – not a crime at C/L .341

N.J.S.A. 2C:33-2, which proscribes disorderly conduct, provides:

• Improper behavior. A person is guilty of a petty disorderly persons offense, if with purpose to cause public inconvenience, annoyance or alarm, or recklessly creating risk thereof he
• Engages in fighting or threatening,

THE STATE

Institutions to organize the people.

Formed by: population, territory

Under: The power of the state

Functions: established laws, enforce laws, govern

TERRITORY

• Associated with the territory they run and govern
• Defined by borders that separate them from other states and their territories.
• Can't make decisions outside their borders.
• If rules aren't respected, conflicts arise between states.

PEOPLE

• Have the same rights for everyone.
• Don't necessarily have the same social, political, and cultural background.
• It's common for people of different cultures and nationalities to live in the same state.

DEMOCRACY

• Equality: before the law, personal social and political rights, opportunities
• Justice: people, groups, individuals/groups, communities/countries
• Freedom: