Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Latin

The Modernist Novel and the Generation of '98

The renewal of modernist aesthetics extends to the novel. Its themes are consistent with those of poetry. The idealization and stylization of reality are the basis of the Sonatas by Valle-Inclán and Platero and I by Juan Ramón Jiménez.

The Generation of '98 reacts against the "vulgar" style of realism and takes, in some cases, the thematic and ideological legacy of naturalism (Baroja) and, in others, the intellectual and enormous burden of German existentialist thought (Unamuno).

Miguel de Unamuno

His novels are existential in nature, picking up on his philosophical worldview and the author's concerns: the conflict between creator and character in Mist, the feeling of frustrated maternity in Aunt

Duran and the year 1905

Duran produced an early olead volume Carequerecionaria Orri Rusi or Tode, motivated by the legal case of Imente. In the absence of lock or land, and discontent by front attention Jap. Losses worker’s the principals fabricas of the country and the camp and signed or life star or continue to mind.

Bloody Sunday and its Repercussions

E January 9, considered as Bloody Sunday, was organized as a pacifist manifestation of workers, campesines, and neither are mujyeas. Encabezada by Pope (sacerdote) Japon, se i o al directs Palacio de I INTER. Esta manifestation gave note to the cuestion author abality of Tsar in the prot or que set laba by my serila and the lack of liberties.

To guard the tsar, formed soldiers Cossacks against... Continue reading "Russia's Transformation: From Autocracy to Constitutional Monarchy (1905)" »

Spanish Romanticism Highlights

Key characteristics and figures of the Romantic movement in Spain:

• New Topics: Predominance of sentiment, presentation of extreme situations, and pessimism.
• New Forms: Innovations in prose and verse, including the mixture of genres (e.g., Espronceda's El estudiante de Salamanca).
• Theater: Plays aimed to break classical rules (e.g., Duque de Rivas).
• Prose: Development of historicist prose (Leyendas) and articles depicting customs (cuadros de costumbres, e.g., Larra).

Mariano José de Larra (Fígaro)

Influenced by the French historical novel and tragedy. Known as a journalist signing as Fígaro. Famous articles include "Vuelva usted mañana" and "En este país".

José de Espronceda

A poet from Extremadura, highly admired... Continue reading "Spanish Romanticism & Realism: Key Authors & Works" »

NL games floral were part of the cultural tradition of the former world. Medieval portions of RNAi and their relation to topics in literature are discussed, as well as the emergence of restaurants and games based on the C VOCA. The text also explores rare occurrences in their natural habitat, such as gold and roller, and their relation to the three mistakes. Additionally, it touches upon the influence of floral motifs in various contexts, including standard cultural practices and public access.

The text then delves into the structure of editorial content, referencing an annual directory and topics in culture. It concludes with a discussion of the arts during the Renaissance, with a focus on popular theater.

Arts During the Renaissance: Popular

Spanish Theater Before 1939

Introduction: Theater in Spain before 1939 was largely aimed at commercial purposes, primarily guided by the tastes of entrepreneurs, the aristocracy, and the bourgeoisie. This mainstream theater often showed strong resistance to innovation. Two main trends can be distinguished during this period:

Mainstream Commercial Theater

This was the dominant theatrical form, often following conventions established in the second half of the 19th century. Key aspects included:

• Bourgeois Comedy: Its subject matter typically focused on the societal norms, customs, and vices of the middle and upper classes.
• Historical-Poetic Theater in Verse: This genre often praised noble ideas, patriotism, and significant figures or events from Spanish

Federico García Lorca's Theatrical Legacy

Federico García Lorca, a prominent member of the Generation of '27, created plays that are considered as valuable as his poetry. He wrote his most famous works after 1930. Thematic coherence was maintained throughout his work, and loneliness, pain, and death were constant themes. His dramatic creation began in his youth, with certain modernist influences and the drama of Eduardo Marquina (The Hex). He created puppets for farces such as Tragicomedy of Don Cristobal and Password Roseta.

Surrealist Works

His more surreal, so-called "impossible theater" works, are: If Five Years Pass, The Public, and Play Without a Title. These works broke with traditional staging and some logical aspects, hence the difficulty... Continue reading "Federico García Lorca's Theatrical Legacy: A Deep Dive" »

Miguel Hernández: A Life in Poetry

Hernández was born in Orihuela (Alicante). He studied at a college of the Society of Jesus until the age of 14 when he left school to help his father in the family business. In his free time, he frequented the public library where he read classics and mystics.

Hernández's Poetic Journey

Hernández's poetry began with creative verses full of images of the Hispanic tradition. His work marks the transition between earlier authors and a new era. His poetry is characterized by its virile and heartfelt tone, its humanity, and technical perfection. He uses metaphors, sometimes primitive, sometimes surreal, but always full of strength. He highlights life, evocations of the natural and rural. The main theme of his... Continue reading "Miguel Hernández: Life, Poetry, and Legacy" »

Follas Novas: Rosalía's Psychological Depth

Follas Novas, written in Galician, reveals the full psychological complexity of Rosalía de Castro. Its most relevant poems showcase her subjectivity and conception of the world. In poems where she speaks of herself, we see a Rosalía characterized by:

• Pain
• Suffering
• Despair
• Loneliness

Death often appears as the only solution in these personal reflections. Poems with social themes primarily address emigration and the plight of migrant women, who are left alone and must perform traditional female tasks.

En las Orillas del Sar: Rosalía's Final Poetic Work

En las Orillas del Sar was Rosalía de Castro's last book. Its themes and tone align closely with those of Follas Novas. It is poetry marked by disappointment,... Continue reading "Rosalía de Castro: Pain, Love & Saudade in Her Poetry" »

Themes in Don Quixote

• Utopia and Reality: The conflict between an individual wishing to carry out his dream, "his madness," and an environment that prevents it.
• Justice: The hero is moved by a spirit of vengeance.
• Love: The need to find a beautiful lady who embodies Platonic love. Love will be the engine of many of his adventures.
• Literature: Don Quixote is in itself a repertoire of literary genres of his time.

Characters in Don Quixote

There are more than 700 distinct and individualized characters. They are well-rounded and outlined by dialogue.

Don Quixote

Don Quixote is a gentleman in his 50s who is driven mad by reading chivalric romances. He represents the crazy-sane trope and therefore has an obvious mental clarity that amazes all who hear him.... Continue reading "Don Quixote: Themes, Characters, and Literary Style" »

Spanish Poetry: A Reflection of Society and Change

This lyric responds to the socio-political situation of Spain, mirroring the novel's desire for immediate world transformation through the denouncement of injustice. It adopts a narrative tone, characterized by simplicity and a focus on lexical items over form, emphasizing what is told rather than how.

What is significant, compared to the lyric poetry of the 1940s, is the formal shift towards verse less bound by classical forms. This new poetry embraces a literary language that reflects the true pulse of contemporary society, incorporating hints of humor, irony, colloquialism, and synaptic breaks.

The Renovation and Experimentalism of the Sixties

The late 1960s witnessed a remarkable change, driven... Continue reading "Spanish Poetry: Social Commentary and Literary Evolution" »