Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Latin

Restaurant Conversation

Host: Good evening. Do you have a reservation?

Daniel: Yes, a table for two. My name is Daniel O'Connor.

Host: Come to this table, please.

Host: Are you ready to order?

Daniel: Yes, the soup and the mushroom ravioli, please. I'd like the mozzarella salad and then the chicken, please.

Host: What would you like to drink? Just water for me. A bottle of mineral water, please.

Host: Natural or sparkling? Is sparkling OK?

Daniel: Yes, sparkling.

Host: Thank you, sir.

Taxi and Travel Arrangements

Daniel: Could you call me a taxi, please?

Host: Yes, of course. Where to?

Daniel: To Paddington Station. And when would you like to go?

Daniel: Now, please. How much is it?

Driver: That's 15, please.

Daniel: Make it 15. And could I have a receipt?... Continue reading "Essential English Grammar and Conversational Phrases" »

The Dragon Awakens

When the dragon awoke, new woe was kindled. O’er the stone he snuffed. The stark heart found the footprint of a foe who so far had gone in his hidden craft by the creature’s head.

Divine Protection

So may the undoomed easily flee evils and exile, if only he gain the grace of The Wielder!

The Guardian's Search

That warden of gold o’er the ground went seeking, greedy to find the man who wrought him such wrong in sleep. Savage and burning, the barrow he circled all without; nor was any there, none in the waste.

The Discovery of Theft

Yet war he desired, was eager for battle. The barrow he entered, sought the cup, and discovered soon that some one of mortals had searched his treasure, his lordly gold. The guardian waited, ill-... Continue reading "Beowulf: The Dragon's Wrath and the Stolen Cup" »

Authors and Works of the 16th Century

Peter Seraph: Poet and painter, his date of birth is unknown, and it is known he died around 1566. His poetry still presents points of contact with March. However, he used proper poetic forms of the Renaissance, such as the sonnet, and he cites poets of Greek and Latin classics (Homer, Virgil, and Ovid) and two Italian dolce stil nuovo poets (Dante and Petrarch) plus March. He also wrote in Catalan.

18th Century Authors

Francesc Vicent Garcia: He is considered one of the most outstanding authors of three centuries. Known as the Rector of Vallfogona, he was born in Tortosa and died in Vallfogona. His reputation is based on one aspect of his work: that which emphasizes a thick, deliberately exaggerated humor,... Continue reading "Authors and Literary Movements: 16th to 19th Century" »

Numbers Written Out in English

Numbers 1 to 30

1. One
2. Two
3. Three
4. Four
5. Five
6. Six
7. Seven
8. Eight
9. Nine
10. Ten
11. Eleven
12. Twelve
13. Thirteen
14. Fourteen
15. Fifteen
16. Sixteen
17. Seventeen
18. Eighteen
19. Nineteen
20. Twenty
21. Twenty-one
22. Twenty-two
23. Twenty-three
24. Twenty-four
25. Twenty-five
26. Twenty-six
27. Twenty-seven
28. Twenty-eight
29. Twenty-nine
30. Thirty

Numbers by Tens (40-100)

• Forty
• Fifty
• Sixty
• Seventy
• Eighty
• Ninety
• One hundred

Numbers 101 to 150

• One hundred and one
• One hundred and two
• One hundred and three
• One hundred and four
• One hundred and five
• One hundred and six
• One hundred and seven
• One hundred and eight
• One hundred and nine
• One hundred and ten
• One hundred and eleven
• One hundred and twelve
• One hundred and thirteen
• One hundred and fourteen
• One hundred and fifteen
• One hundred and sixteen
• One hundred and seventeen
• One hundred and eighteen
• One hundred and

Post-war Poetry: The 1940s

Rooted Poetry and Garcilasismo

Formalism, Garcilasismo, or Rooted Poetry: This movement was interested in the perfection of the line and expression, focusing on traditional themes such as landscape or love. The sonnet was the favorite verse form. It is often grouped with poets associated with the magazines Escorial and Garcilaso, including José García Nieto, Luis Rosales, Leopoldo Panero, Luis Felipe Vivanco, and Dionisio Ridruejo.

Uprooted and Existential Poetry

Uprooted or Existential Poetry: This trend is exemplified by Hijos de la ira (Children of Wrath, 1944) by Dámaso Alonso. It possesses an existential character, also seen in the magazine Espadaña with Victoriano Crémer and Eugenio de Nora. Another significant... Continue reading "Spanish Post-war Poetry: Movements and Key Authors" »

Magnetismi ja Elektrodünaamika Põhimõisted

Magneetumine

Nähtus, kus magnetvälja paigutatud keha hakkab ka ise tekitama magnetvälja.

Demagneetumine

Nähtus, kus keha kaotab oma magneetilised omadused.

Püsimagnet

Keha, millel on võime tekitada permanentset magnetvälja pikema aja vältel.

Magnetvälja kokkuleppeline suund

Magnetnõela põhjapoolne suund.

Solenoid

Rõngasse keeratud juhe, mida ümbritseb pööriseline magnetväli.

Domeen

Iseeneslik magneetumise piirkond ferromagneetikus. Sellel põhineb magneetiline infosalvestus.

Juhtmete vastasmõju

Kuidas käituvad erisuunaliste ja samasuunaliste vooludega juhtmed? Samasuunaliste juhtmete puhul mõjub juhtmete vahel tõmbejõud, erisuunaliste vooludega aga tõukuvad.

Ühe ampri definitsioon

Kahe lõpmata... Continue reading "Magnetism ja Elektrodünaamika: Põhimõisted ja Valemid" »

Miguel de Cervantes

Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra was a Spanish novelist, poet, and playwright. He was likely born on September 29, 1547, in Alcalá de Henares and died on April 22, 1616, in Madrid. He was buried on April 23, and this date is popularly known as the date of his death. He is considered the greatest figure in Spanish literature. He is universally known, especially because he wrote *The Ingenious Hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha*, which many critics have described as the first modern novel and one of the best works of world literature. He was given the nickname "Prince of Wits."

Baroque Poetry

Baroque poets demonstrate an extraordinary literary quality in sonnets, tenths, *letrillas*, *silvas*, *romances*, etc. Notable authors include... Continue reading "Spanish Literature: Key Authors and Movements" »

The Golden Century: An Introduction

The Golden Century (Siglo de Oro) refers to a period in Castilian literature spanning two centuries and two distinct stages.

The Renaissance (16th Century)

The Renaissance (16th century) is a broad cultural movement that transformed European life during the 16th century. It is known for the continuation, high regard, or resurgence of Classical Greek and Latin culture.

Humanists

Humanists were individuals dedicated to the study of the humanities, who proposed and restored Classical ideals:

• Study of Greek and Latin classical languages.
• Enthusiastic appraisal of the world and knowledge of the human being.

For humanists:

• The world is no longer just a place to step to the other life, but a place of beauty and worth to

The Cursed Poets (First Period)

• Misunderstood: Society often despised them and made no effort to understand their work.
• Elite Over Society: Their intelligence meant their writing required education for proper interpretation, leading to societal distance.
• Excessive Lifestyles: Many indulged in excesses like prostitution (leading to syphilis), alcohol, and opium, resulting in early deaths.

Charles Baudelaire

• He sought to intimidate the bourgeoisie, and he succeeded.
• Flowers of Evil: This work was banned as obscene. It involves both the reader and the poet in an acknowledgement of human weakness and hypocrisy. A famous line asks: “Hypocritical reader — my fellow — my brother.”
• He found beauty in the sordid and the grim.

Paul Verlaine

• Known for

Introduction to Post-Romanticism

In the last third of the 19th century, a reaction against the post-Romantic idealistic type emerged. Writers rebelled against bourgeois values and customs (business, money, fame) and chose a more marginal way of life (alcohol, drugs) as a rejection of the society to which they belonged. They were drawn to the bohemian lifestyle, a model based on rebellion and freedom, which had two faces: the dandy and the cursed. Writers believed that the ultimate aim of art should be beauty. With them, contemporary art and artists were born. Post-Romanticism had its maximum splendor in France, giving rise to two poetic movements: Parnassianism and Symbolism.

Parnassianism

Focused on the theme of art for art's sake, Parnassian