Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Language

Rinconete's Impressions of Monipodio's House

Among the things that impressed Rinconete most are the use of certain words, of course incorrect, that he had never heard. Another aspect is the certainty that all who formed the guild had of going with God to the Kingdom of Heaven, despite being full of sin and wrongdoings. He was also struck by the respect and admiration that all members of the brotherhood had for Monipodio.

Police Authority and Justice in Seville

Yes, a reference can be found: Seville's justice is described as neglected for such an important and populous city.

Organization of This Literary Selection

It is divided into three parts or units:

• The first refers to the brotherhood: their customs, attitudes, and members.
• The second relates

Norms and Instructions

Norms are rules established to determine how something or a specific behavior should be.

Highway code regulations or laws contain rules.

Novel Subgenres

Historical, Detective, and Learning Novels

In some novels, the events recounted are fictitious but plausible, i.e., they did not actually occur but could have happened.

• Detective Novel: Narrates a crime whose author is unknown and the inquiry that leads to the clarification of the case.
• Historical Novels: Recreate past events.
• Novels of Apprenticeship: Feature a child or a teenager whose personality is formed throughout the story.

Chivalry, Terror, and Science Fiction

In other novels, the events recounted are unlikely or wonderful, that is, they did not happen or could not happen... Continue reading "Understanding Literary Genres, Grammar, and Writing" »

Valle-Inclán explained that there are "three ways of seeing the world, artistic or aesthetic: kneeling, standing, or built in the air." The first involves characters that are of a "superior status to the human condition." The second way "up" would be used by Shakespeare, which includes the characters "as if they were our own, like splitting the character of our self, with our own virtues and our own defects." The third way is "a very Spanish way, a way of the demiurge, who does not believe in any way made of the same clay as their puppets."

Bohemian Lights: A Closer Look

Bohemian Lights was serialized in a magazine in Spain. Its book version, published in 1924, shows very significant variations, as it added three scenes with a high content of... Continue reading "Valle-Inclán's Bohemian Lights: Analysis and Structure" »

Lope de Vega's Theater

From its early development, Lope de Vega's theater catered to popular tastes, achieving immense success. His works can be classified as follows:

• Plays on Spanish History and Legends: Examples include Fuenteovejuna and El Caballero de Olmedo.
• Comedies of Manners: Often called "entanglements," these plays focus on love, typically divided between urban (Madrid) and rural settings.
• Religious Comedies: Including mystery plays and comedies of saints.
• Mythological Comedies: Such as The Labyrinth of Crete.
• Comedies of Foreign Stories and Legends: Like The Punishment Without Vengeance.

Fuenteovejuna

This play explores popular rebellion and two conceptions of honor: an inherent quality and one acquired through virtuous acts. Love is... Continue reading "Spanish Golden Age Theater and Literature" »

Literary Devices

Alliteration

It occurs when repeating a phoneme or group of phonemes.

... Polyphemus, ... arror of that sierra

Barbara hut is GUE umber rialb or

and redil spacious where to err ENCI

when run roughly cumberes ras cabrio

Onomatopoeia

It is a kind of alliteration that plays real sounds:

Ticking of the watch

Anaphora

Is the repetition of a word or words in the initial position of a phrase or verse:

• All wear a dress
• One shoe fits all
• All eat a banana
• All are beautiful

Paronomasia

Association in the course of two words whose signifiers are similar but whose meanings are different:

Clouds are not ships

Polysyndeton

Involves coordination of several elements with rich language and repeated conjunctions.

Epithets

Is to add adjectives that characterize the... Continue reading "Literary Devices: Unleash the Power of Language" »

Prepositions: Definition, Characteristics, and Usage

According to their morphology, semantics, and syntax, prepositions exhibit specific characteristics:

Morphology of Prepositions

• Prepositions are invariable units, similar to adverbs. They do not support gender or number morphemes.
• Expressions formed by an adverb and a preposition, or a noun and a preposition, are often called prepositional phrases.

Semantics of Prepositions

• Prepositions are considered "empty words" because they inherently lack meaning on their own.
• In conjunction with other elements, they acquire various semantic values, providing context and relationships.

Syntax of Prepositions

• Prepositions do not play an independent relational syntactic role.
• They function as linking words or phrases,

The central issue raised in this sonnet is the reflection of the negative effects that accompany human ambition. Alongside ambition, the text addresses the theme of inevitable death as punishment for daring.

The issue (recalling the myth of Icarus) is presented here wrapped in the allegory of the butterfly, a symbol of fleeting beauty. This sonnet employs the poetic sermon style, characterized by Baroque hendecasyllable verse.

Analyzing Ambition and Recklessness in Baroque Poetry

The Allegory of the Butterfly and Icarus

The first line, featuring a clear litotes, states: "Mariposa, not only not a coward..." This line introduces the figurative term of the metaphor: the butterfly. It is described as "cowardly, reckless, and fatally blind." The syntactic... Continue reading "Decoding a Baroque Sonnet: Ambition, Death, and the Butterfly Allegory" »

Journalistic Language: Key Principles

Journalistic language should always be concise, precise, and clear. Avoid excessive adjectives, long sentences, and overloaded paragraphs. A standard register is commonly used. It is important to create a narrative of current events written with the intention of informing in an objective way. The content of a story should usually answer the questions: who, what, when, where, how, and why.

Structure of a News Story

• Headline: Captures the reader's attention with the most important and powerful data.
• Subheading: Develops the ideas contained in the headline.
• Body: Presents the facts in descending order of importance.

Journalistic Genres

• Chronicle: A story about recent events, often told in chronological order by a

Functions of Hotel Departments

Reservations

Management of reservation requests from all sources and control of room sales, optimizing occupancy for the hotel. This includes managing individual client and group reservations.

• Preparation of room planning, reservation sheets, the reservation book, and entry sheets, which will be returned to the counter upon customer entry.
• Management of quotas contracted with agencies and companies.
• Temporary filing of documentation for each reservation until it is sent to the counter.
• Preparing tables for service forecasts.

Counter (Front Desk)

• Room assignments.
• Reception of clients and realization of entry formalities.
• Handling walk-in guests.
• Transfer of information relating to the customers who enter to the other departments.

Theatrical Language

Theatrical language can be:

• Vanguard: The author aims to challenge the theater, allowing for the free flow of unknown emotions. Objects have a symbolic value; they are not real or intended to be.
• Realistic: The theater shows elements that could be possible, reflecting the real world.

The characters that appear in a play have their own language, sometimes not exclusively verbal:

• Nonverbal language: Uses extralinguistic elements, such as gestures.
• Verbal: The basis of the action lies in dialogue, which may also include monologues and asides.

Regarding the formal aspects, the following must be taken into account:

• The tone in which the piece is written (comical, realistic, worship, etc.).
• The syntactic structure of paragraphs provides