Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for French

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Linguistics: The Study of Language and Its Components

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Morphology: The Study of the Internal Structure of Words

Syntax: The Study of the Combination of Words

Semantics: The Study of the Meaning of Linguistic Expressions

Prefixes

  • Negation: a-theist / dis-obey / in-complete / non-smoker / un-wise
  • Reversal: de-frost / dis-connect / un-mask
  • Disparaging: mal-function / mis-lead / pseudo-event
  • Size or degree: arch-enemy / co-pilot / hyper-market / mega-loan / mini-skirt / sub-conscious / super-market / sur-charge / ultra-modern / vice-president
  • Orientation: anticlockwise / auto-suggestion / contra-indicate / counterclockwise
  • Location and distance: extra-terrestrial / inter-play / intra-venous / pan-African / super-structure / tele-scope / trans-plant
  • Time and order: ex-husband / fore-shadow / neo-Gothic / paleo-
... Continue reading "Linguistics: The Study of Language and Its Components" »

Literary Terms and Writing Techniques: A Comprehensive Guide

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Literary Terms and Writing Techniques

Compare or Contrast Organization

A pattern of organization in which an author compares two or more subjects by explaining how they are similar and different.

Word Choice

An author's selection of words.

Denotation

The dictionary definition of every word.

Connotation

The feeling or ideas that people associate with that word.

Essay

  • Introduction
  • An idea
  • The opposite of that idea
  • Conclusion

Informal Letter

  • Dear,
  • Agradecimiento por el letter
  • El body
  • Conclusion
  • Thanks for writing

Story

  • Introduction
  • Nudo
  • Desenlace

Abstract Nouns

  • Belief = Creencia
  • Concentration = Concentración
  • Creativity = Creatividad
  • Determination = Determinación
  • Luck = Suerte
  • Success = Éxito
  • Development = Desarrollo
  • Agreement = Acuerdo
  • Fortune = Fortuna
  • Nature = Naturaleza
  • Intelligence
... Continue reading "Literary Terms and Writing Techniques: A Comprehensive Guide" »

Essential English Vocabulary: Fame, Work, and Qualities

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Structuring an Argumentative Essay: Pros and Cons

Introduction: Presenting Both Sides

When discussing a particular subject, it's crucial to acknowledge both its positive and negative aspects. This balanced approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of the topic at hand.

Advantages: Exploring the Positive Aspects

On the one hand, [insert topic here] often presents several benefits. For instance, it can lead to [advantage 1]. Another significant advantage is that it [advantage 2].

Disadvantages: Addressing the Negative Aspects

Conversely, [insert topic here] also comes with a number of drawbacks. For example, [disadvantage 1]. A further problem that arises is [disadvantage 2].

Conclusion: Weighing the Arguments

In conclusion, while [insert topic

... Continue reading "Essential English Vocabulary: Fame, Work, and Qualities" »

The Impact of Electricity: A World Powered by Innovation

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Living Alone: The Glittering Truth

The Allure of Independence

As young adults, we crave independence. We long to break free from our parents' control and rules, often believing that living alone is the key to achieving true autonomy. We envision a "perfect lifestyle" filled with freedom and rights. However, this independence comes with its own set of responsibilities and challenges.

The Price of Freedom

When living alone, it's easy to neglect chores and embrace disorganization. After all, there's no one to complain about the mess. However, the need to clean and organize eventually arises, reminding us that freedom doesn't exempt us from responsibility.

While we relish the freedom to choose our meals, we also become responsible for grocery shopping... Continue reading "The Impact of Electricity: A World Powered by Innovation" »

Binge-Watching and Pollution: Impacts on Mental and Environmental Health

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Binge-Watching Effects

During lockdowns, binge-watching served as a distraction from negativity and filled excessive spare time, becoming a coping mechanism for overthinking.

However, excessive binge-watching can lead to mental health issues like insomnia and anxiety. Humans are social creatures, and compulsive binge-watching combined with social media overuse can cause loneliness and depression.

While occasional TV watching is relaxing, daily marathons risk addiction and social withdrawal. The negative effects often outweigh stress relief. It's crucial to find a balance in TV consumption.

Pollution's Impact on Wildlife

Introduction

This report examines pollution's effects on local wildlife and proposes improvements and regulations to protect the... Continue reading "Binge-Watching and Pollution: Impacts on Mental and Environmental Health" »

Essential English Vocabulary for Travel & Tourism

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Master key terms and phrases for your next trip or career in the tourism industry. This comprehensive resource covers everything from basic travel logistics to advanced business concepts and cultural nuances.

Tourism & Travel Core Concepts

  • Boom: A period of rapid economic growth.
  • Demand: The desire of consumers for a good or service.
  • Launch: To start or introduce something new.
  • Market: The area of commercial dealing or a group of potential customers.
  • Package: A set of related items or services sold together.
  • Tour: A journey for pleasure in which several different places are visited.
  • Supply: The amount of a good or service available (oferta).
  • Supplier: A person or entity that provides goods or services (proveedor).
  • Resort: A place where people go
... Continue reading "Essential English Vocabulary for Travel & Tourism" »

The Impact of Electricity and Computing on Modern Life

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What Is the Most Important Invention Ever?

Electricity: Powering Our Modern World

How could one answer such a difficult question? Choosing the most important invention is a daunting task, considering the impact of electricity, genetic theory, penicillin, and Gutenberg's printing press. However, if we must choose one, electricity stands out as an integral part of our daily lives.

We realize electricity's significance when a power outage disrupts our routines. Without it, we lose access to television, computers, and essential appliances like microwaves, washing machines, and dishwashers. Our ability to function effectively comes to a halt.

Furthermore, electricity enables communication through telephones and the internet. It powers public transportation

... Continue reading "The Impact of Electricity and Computing on Modern Life" »

Calculus Essentials: Derivatives and Their Applications

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Fundamental Concepts of Differentiation

Relationship Between Differentiability and Continuity

If a function f is differentiable at a point x₀, then f is continuous at x₀. However, the converse is not always true; not all continuous functions are differentiable.

Definition of the Derivative at a Point

The derivative of a function f at a point x₀, denoted f'(x₀), is defined as:

f'(x₀) = lim (∆x→0) (f(x₀ + ∆x) - f(x₀))/∆x

Differential of a Function

For a function y = f(x), its differential dy is given by:

dy = y' * dx = f'(x)dx

Invariance of the Differential

The differential df(x) = f'(x)dx holds true whether x is an independent variable or a function of another variable.

Interpretation of Derivatives and Differentials

The derivative

... Continue reading "Calculus Essentials: Derivatives and Their Applications" »

Understanding Domestic Violence: Warning Signs, Support, and Resources

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Understanding Domestic Violence

Vocabulary

English - Spanish

  • To punch: golpear (con el puño)
  • To choke: estrangular (con las manos)
  • To strangle: estrangular (con cualquier cosa)
  • Isolated incident (single incident): incidente aislado
  • Long-term: a largo plazo
  • To cope with / to deal with: lidiar con
  • To know and understand: awareness (conciencia)
  • To look for or try to obtain: to seek (buscar)
  • Psychological help: counseling (asesoramiento)
  • To tell the authorities: to report (informar) NOT to demand
  • A husband or wife: a spouse (cónyuge, esposa o esposo)
  • Don’t get close to that person: a restraining order (orden de alejamiento)
  • Repeated abuse: battering - battered women (maltrato, mujeres maltratadas)
  • To support someone to do something: to encourage (animar)
  • A
... Continue reading "Understanding Domestic Violence: Warning Signs, Support, and Resources" »

Personal Narratives, Consumer Choices & Language Skills

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My Friend Alberto: A Profile

My friend Alberto must be one of the most interesting people at school. Also, since we are in the same class, we see each other every day.

Alberto has short brown hair and brown eyes. In addition, he is talkative, kind, and good-looking. Moreover, he is interested in art and music and knows a lot about singing.

Alberto is crazy about Spanish music. He can be a bit obsessed sometimes. He has participated in a TV singing competition and recorded a Christmas song. He always has a lot of funny stories about his experiences.

In conclusion, Alberto is quite unusual but also very fascinating.

I'm happy he is my friend.

Brand Names: Advantages & Disadvantages

Sometimes, buying brand names can be a bargain because it has advantages,... Continue reading "Personal Narratives, Consumer Choices & Language Skills" »