Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for French

The Return of Draft Horses in Urban Environments

For several years, a unique initiative has been gaining traction in French cities: the reintroduction of draft horses for various urban tasks. This project, blending tradition with modern sustainability, offers numerous benefits, from environmental gains to community engagement and the preservation of endangered species.

Key Vocabulary and Phrases

Lisez

Read

Ci-dessous

Below

Puis/ensuite

Then

Depuis plusieurs années

For several years

Se bat (battre) avec

Is being fought with

Encourager

To encourage

L'usage

The use

Au-delà

Beyond

Les loisirs

Leisure activities/free time

Jusqu'à

Until

On les avait vus promener les touristes

They had been seen taking the tourists around

En calèche

In a carriage

Des endroits touristiques

Tourist

1. Complete the Sentences with the Right Option (1.5 points)

1. I'm going ……. at the new hairdresser's.
   a) to cut my hair                                            b) to get my haircut
2. She needs to…….…
   a) have her car repairs.                                   b) have her car repaired.
3. She is going to the shop to……………………..
   a) have developed these photos                    b) have these photos developed
4. He ……... while he was away on holiday.
   a) had his flat burgled.                                b) burgled his flat.
5. I ………... my phone repaired after I dropped it.
   a) had.                                                              

Vocabulary

Feelings

Amusing: divertit
Annoying: molest
Confusing: confús
Embarrassing: vergonyós
Fascinating: fascinant
Frightening: aterridor
Frustrating: frustrant
Inspiring: inspirador
Irritating: irritant
Motivating: motivador
Relaxing: relaxant
Upsetting: molest
Worrying: preocupant

Technology Actions

Browse: navegar
Charge: carregar
Mute: silenciar
Plug in: endollar
Press: prémer
Scroll: lliscar (dalt baix)
Swipe: lliscar (esquerra dreta)
Switch off: apagar
Switch on: encendre
Tap: tocar
Update: actualitzar

Other Verbs

Invite: convidar
Warn: advertir
Spread: difondre
Express: expresar
Squeeze: apretar

-ed/-ing Adjectives

-ed: el que sento (how you feel)
-ing: situació (context) (the situation)
Example: embarrassed (jo avergonyida), embarrassing (situació vergonyosa)... Continue reading "English Grammar and Vocabulary Guide for Technology" »

Unusual Things People Have Done

• Painted their face in their team's colors
• Had their tongue pierced
• Dyed their hair orange
• Shaved their head
• Had an unusual hairstyle
• Had a tattoo

Would + Verb in Conditional Sentences

Would + base form of the verb is used in conditional sentences to express hypothetical situations or actions that might happen in the future or that might have happened in the past if something else had been different.

Volcano Vocabulary

• Lava
• Magma
• Crater
• Dust
• Ash

Natural Disasters

1. Pollution (Contaminación)
2. Tsunamis
3. Famine (Hambruna)
4. Forest Fires (Incendios forestales)
5. Floods (Inundaciones)
6. Tornadoes (Tornados)
7. Hurricanes (Huracanes)
8. Drought (Sequía)
9. Disease (Enfermedades)
10. Wars (Guerras)
11. Earthquakes (Terremotos)
12. Climate Change (Cambios de clima)

Verbs and

Noun: A noun is a word that identifies a person, animal, place, thing, or idea.

Concrete nouns are the names of things or people that we experience through our senses: sight, hearing, smell, touch, or taste. Most nouns are concrete nouns.

For example:

Cats, dogs, tables, chairs, buses, and teachers are all concrete nouns.

Nouns name people, places, and things.

Abstract nouns cannot be detected by your five senses. You cannot see them, hear them, smell them, taste them, or feel them. Examples include dedication, destruction, curiosity, happiness, intelligence, and loyalty.

Proper nouns have two distinct features: They name specific, one-of-a-kind items, and they begin with capital letters, no matter where they occur within a sentence.

A noun is a word... Continue reading "Nouns, Pronouns, and Verbs: A Guide to English Grammar" »

ENG 103: Introduction to Campus Journalism

Lesson 1: Campus Journalism Overview

Scope:

• Written
• Oral
• Visual

Campus Paper:

A free school newspaper that educates students and the community.

Functions:

• Aids students, schools, and the community

Other Functions (by Harold Spears and C.H. Lawshe Jr.):

• Information
• Opinion
• Education
• Watchdog
• Laboratory
• Documentation
• Entertainment
• Developmental

Sections & Parts:

A. Front Page:

• Local news, foreign news, dateline, weather, index
• Nameplate: Printed name of the newspaper
• Ears: Little boxes on either side of the nameplate
• Banner: The principal headline (Streamer - if it runs across the page)
• Running head: Headline made up of 2 or more lines
• Headline: Title of any news or story
• Deck: Subordinate headline placed below the motherline

Linking Words and Connectors

Connectors are essential for building complex sentences and expressing relationships between ideas.

Principal Connectors

• Contrast/Concession: in spite of (+ verb -ing), although, despite.
• Reason/Result: as a result of, both... and, neither... nor (meaning: not either).

Sentence Adverbs (Following Punctuation)

• Contrast: however, nevertheless (meaning: nonetheless/in spite of that).
• Addition: moreover, furthermore (meaning: additionally).

Medial Connectors (Within the Sentence)

• Purpose: in order to (meaning: for the purpose of).
• Contrast: whereas (meaning: while/in contrast).
• Reason: due (meaning: due to/because of).
• Result: so (meaning: so that/consequently).
• Addition: as well as (meaning: in addition to).

Intensifiers and Degree

The Internet's Impact on Daily Life

Nowadays, I use the internet almost like a hobby. I can communicate with my friends very easily. Since the internet was created, you have many options in your life, for example, in your hobbies or in your studies. It's easier to find things, to find jobs, to watch films, and to listen to music. I usually use the internet for reading news in the online newspaper. I can play with my friends online. And the most important thing: I can do my homework, and I can study via the internet. I'm doing a course now, and I need the internet for it. Also, I can buy many things online because there are many online shops. Previously, you couldn't imagine this. This was impossible. The internet allows me to be in contact with... Continue reading "Internet: Transforming Communication and Daily Life" »

Mastering Tense Shifts in Reported Speech

When converting direct speech into reported (indirect) speech, specific changes occur in verb tenses, modal verbs, and expressions of time and place. This document outlines the essential rules for these conversions.

I. Tense and Modal Verb Changes

The general rule is that the tense shifts one step back into the past.

Present Simple to Past Simple

• Direct: "He is American," she said.
• Reported: She said that he was American.
• Direct: He asked, "Are you busy?"
• Reported: He asked me if I was busy.

Present Continuous to Past Continuous

• Direct: "Dan is living in SF," she said.
• Reported: She said Dan was living in SF.
• Direct: "Why are you working?" they asked.
• Reported: They asked me why I was working.

Present Perfect to

The Cornwall Mystery

Linda Stevenson, a 16-year-old from London, moves with her family to Cornwall. Life there seems very quiet after the hustle and bustle of London. However, something unexpected happens: one morning, she finds a corpse on the beach. She tells the police, and they search for the body, but they don't find it. Since no one has reported a missing person, they don't believe her. Then, Linda meets Mark, and together they set out to solve the mystery. Little by little, they discover clues that help them piece together the puzzle.

The Discovery

Linda Stevenson lives in a small village (Permarron) in Cornwall. She is 16 years old and has moved from London. On the beach, she finds a corpse but when she tells the police, the corpse is... Continue reading "Cornwall Mystery: Linda and Mark's Beach Corpse Investigation" »