Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for English

Mastering English Grammar: Verb Forms & Sentence Structure

This document provides a series of English grammar exercises focusing on conditional sentences, passive voice, gerunds, infinitives, and sentence negation. It includes prompts and corrected answers to help reinforce key grammatical concepts.

Page 82 Exercises

Conditional Sentences: Choose the Correct Words

1. Would polar bears...
2. ...if we don't protect...
3. ...warming continues?
4. What would you...
5. If you turned...
6. If scientists find...

Conditional Sentences: Verb Form Completion

1. If you were ill, I would come.
2. Would you visit me if...
3. If I go to the cinema, I will call you.
4. I didn't have so much...
5. ...if you don't pass?

Third Conditional Sentences: Completion

1. She wouldn't have bought... if she had known.

Mastering Irregular Verbs in English

Understanding Irregular Verbs

Unlike regular verbs that follow a predictable pattern by adding -ed or -d to form the past simple and past participle, irregular verbs have unique forms that must be memorized. This list provides a comprehensive overview of common irregular verbs in English, along with their past simple and past participle forms.

List of Irregular Verbs

B

• Be - Was/Were - Been (Ser/Estar)
• Beat - Beat - Beaten (Golpear)
• Become - Became - Become (Llegar a ser)
• Begin - Began - Begun (Empezar)
• Bend - Bent - Bent (Doblar)
• Bet - Bet - Bet (Apostar)
• Bite - Bit - Bitten (Morder)
• Bleed - Bled - Bled (Sangrar)
• Blow - Blew - Blown (Soplar)
• Break - Broke - Broken (Romper)
• Bring - Brought - Brought (Traer)
• Build - Built

• more (+ clause) ... less (+ clause)

The more you sleep, the less you do.

Other combinations of These patterns are possible.

Examples:

"The harder Joe worked, the more he earned."

"The more he ate, the fatter he got."

NOTES

A. Neither of the two Clauses in the + comparative + the sentences makes sense without the other.

B. In writing, a comma Is used to separate the two clauses.

C. Both clauses need a Verb.

D. In some expressions With better, no verbs are needed.

Jim: When shall I come round to see you?

Tim: The Sooner, the better.

Other comparative Constructions

1- as...As

This construction can Be used with adjectives or adverbs to make comparisons between two things or People.

"I’m As tall as my brother."

"Trains Don’t travel as fast as planes."... Continue reading "Comparative Constructions and Extreme Adjectives" »

Transformations with QUANTIFIERS. Use 5 words maximum

- He doesn't want anything else to be put in his bag.

- The exam was too long for them to finish it in time.

- Is there any chance of you winning the competition?

- Every guest sang happy birthday to the host.

- There was hardly any seat left in the cinema.

- Andrew was sure nothing was missing from his luggage.

- There isn't anything left in this sugar bottle.

- Most of the people who visit this museum come from London.

- Few people believe that he was the murderer.

- None of the others agreed with me.

Transformations with MODALS. Use 5 words maximum

- You aren't allowed to take the camera into the museum.

- They let him go on the excursion if he wanted to.

- Workers may have a cigarette during the break.... Continue reading "Transformations with Quantifiers and Modals" »

Understanding Human Traits

Autocratic Management

My manager's autocratic personality often leads him to dismiss my suggestions for departmental improvement.

Smugness and Ignorance

Her smug expression would have been more irritating if her words hadn't revealed her ignorance of the situation's gravity.

Parsimony and Wealth

Despite his wealth, the parsimonious millionaire refused charitable donations.

Vulgarity and Discipline

Students using vulgar language in class receive after-school detention.

Introspection and Art

The introspective artist constantly questioned their painting skills.

Common Touch and Seniority

Unlike many senior judges, he consistently demonstrates a common touch.

Venality and Corruption

The mayor's venality made him readily accept bribes... Continue reading "Understanding Human Traits and Behaviors" »

Present Tenses

• Present Simple: Subject + infinitive (3rd person +s) + complement / don't or doesn't (usually, often, always, never, sometimes; routines and timetables)
• Present Continuous: Subject + am/is/are + v-ing + complement (actions now, fixed plans and temporary actions; now, at the moment, today, this week...)
• Present Perfect: Subject + have/has + past participle (duration, things that happen in the recent past, life experiences; just, yet, already, for, and since)
• Present Perfect Continuous: Subject + have/has + been + v-ing (duration and intensity of an action; for and since)

Past Tenses

• Used To: To describe past habits/repeated actions or states which are not true.
• Past Simple: Subject + past verb + -ed / Subject + didn't + infinitive (past

Simple Present

Once a week, Tom cleans the house.

Once a week, the house is cleaned by Tom.

Present Continuous

Right now, Sarah is writing the letter

Right now, the letter is being written by Sarah.

Simple Past

Sam repaired the car.

The car was repaired by Sam.

Past Continuous

The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store.

The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store

Present Perfect

Many tourists have visited that castle.

That castle has been visited by many tourists.

Present Perfect Continuous

Recently, John has been doing the work

Recently, the work has been being done by John.

Past Perfect

George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license

Many cars had been repaired by George... Continue reading "English Passive Voice Examples and Rules" »

Firstly, I woke up at 7:00 am. I brushed my teeth and got dressed quickly to catch the bus. Then, I headed to school. In the afternoon, I studied with my mom and completed my homework. As it started to get dark, I faced a challenge when the shower broke. However, my dad came to the rescue and fixed it. Finally, I enjoyed a delightful dinner with my grandmother, followed by a fun-filled party.