Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for English

Using "To" for Purpose and More

We use "to" to express the purpose of an action:

• I phoned the restaurant to reserve a table.

Common phrases where "to" indicates purpose or suitability:

• A place to park
• Something to eat
• Work to do

Example: Would you like something to eat? (meaning: something that you can eat)

"To" is also used with nouns like money, time (e.g., days), opportunity, energy, and courage:

• I need a few days to think about your proposal.

Understanding "For" in English Grammar

We use "for" + noun:

• We stopped for petrol.

Contrast this with "to" + verb:

• We stopped to get petrol.

You can also use "for somebody to do something":

• There wasn't any chair for us to sit on.

For general purpose or general use, we use "for" + gerund (-ing):

• I use this for washing.

Reported Speech Examples

• He said that Jenny would be doing some temporary work in a hospital the following summer.
• He asked me what I had done with his iPad.
• The secretary told me to sign that form.
• The headmaster wanted to know why I wanted to come to that university.

Passive Voice Practice

• The teacher was asked by the students to explain the exercise to them again.
• My sister and I were told by our dad to clean up our room.
• 10,000 were given to the charity anonymously.
• A box of organic vegetables is delivered to us every week.

Conditional Sentence Exercises

• If you had asked me, I would have lent you the money.
• They are in traffic...
• If I hadn’t been full, we would have stayed at that hotel.
• If I had found my mobile, I would have phoned you.
• If you don’t

Vocabulary

1.

• debts
• went out of business
• on sale
• receipt
• nagging
• belongings
• got rid of
• free of charge

2.

• pick … up
• come up with
• stocking up on
• comes to
• shop around
• pick out
• gave away
• giving out

3. Possible Answers:

• is out of bounds
• looked miserable when he heard the results
• I get a refund
• can’t afford the tickets
• check the price tag
• was overpriced, so she didn’t buy it
• are friends with the shopkeeper

4.

• pastime
• afford
• bargain
• miserable
• get rid of
• make an effort
• sweatshop

Grammar

1.

• d
• a
• e
• f
• b
• c

2.

• would whisper
• wouldn’t have recognised; had seen
• Call; receive
• wouldn’t have made; had known

3.

• Tommy wouldn’t have arrived late at work if he had woken up on time.
• I will prepare a meal if you visit me.
• My marks wouldn’t have improved if I hadn’t studied harder.
• He would be healthier

Travel Experiences and Advice

Edinburgh Trip Summary

We stayed in Edinburgh. We booked a hotel online, but unfortunately, when we arrived, we did not like it. So, we left that hotel and rented an apartment. It was great!

A Beach Incident

Somebody took my clothes and bag when I was in the sea. I went for a swim at 11 o'clock. I wasn’t in the water for very long – about 15 minutes.

Accommodation and Spending

We stayed in a really basic apartment, and Tom thought the city was dangerous at night, so we didn’t go out much in the evening. During the day, we visited all the famous places. However, we spent a lot of money on food, and we argued a lot about it. Tom bought very expensive souvenirs for all his family; I didn’t buy anything.

Accommodation

My Unforgettable Trip to Paris

I am honestly thrilled to share my trip to Paris with you all! It was the best trip of my life, and I so badly want to go back. It was a special experience that remains dear to my heart. I had the opportunity to travel there for my vacation, and it was everything I hoped for.

Weather and Dining in Paris

The weather was sunny but foggy and a bit cold. Julien took us to a local restaurant, Le Wilson, near the Eiffel Tower and our accommodation in Trocadero. It was delicious! In fact, everything I ate in Paris was incredible—especially the pastries.

My favorite dining spot was Angelina’s. Their food was amazing; I had an appetizer featuring crab, green apple, and avocado. The presentation is what makes it so special,... Continue reading "Paris Travel Diary: Unforgettable Experiences and Tips" »

Common English Irregular Verbs

This table provides a reference for frequently used irregular verbs in English, including their past tense and past participle forms, along with their Spanish translations.

Essential English Irregular Verbs List

Infinitive | Past Simple | Past Participle | Spanish Meaning

• Be | Was, Were | Been | Ser, Estar
• Become | Became | Become | Convertirse en
• Begin | Began | Begun | Empezar
• Bite | Bit | Bitten | Morder
• Bleed | Bled | Bled | Sangrar
• Blow | Blew | Blown | Soplar
• Break | Broke | Broken | Romper
• Bring | Brought | Brought | Traer
• Build | Built | Built | Construir
• Burn | Burnt | Burnt | Quemar
• Buy | Bought | Bought | Comprar
• Can | Could | (N/A) | Poder (Modal)
• Catch | Caught | Caught | Coger
• Choose | Chose | Chosen | Elegir
• Come | Came | Come | Venir
• Cost | Cost | Cost | Costar, Valer
• Cut | Cut | Cut | Cortar
• Deal | Dealt | Dealt | Tratar
• Do | Did | Done | Hacer
• Draw | Drew | Drawn | Dibujar
• Dream | Dreamt | Dreamt | Soñar
• Drink | Drank

English Grammar Exercises and Solutions

1. Choose the Correct Answers

Many people who live in Mumbai, India are homeless. If families had the money, they would send their children to school. But they haven't got money, so they must send their children to work. However, in 1998, a project called the Doorstep School-on-Wheels was created to bring education to some of the children. Every day, a school bus parks in the areas of the city where large numbers of homeless children live. This bus does not transport the children to a local school; instead, the children are given lessons on the bus in language, math, science, music, and art. Since the Doorstep School-on-Wheels program started, it has helped hundreds of children. Some of the students want... Continue reading "English Grammar Exercises and Solutions: A Comprehensive Guide" »

Essential English Irregular Verbs

• Ser/Estar: be/was/been — Dejar/Marcharse: leave/left/left
• Llevar/Aguantar: bear/bore/born — Prestar: lend/lent/lent
• Golpear: beat/beat/beaten — Permitir: let/let/let
• Llegar a ser: become/became/become — Encender: light/lit/lit
• Empezar: begin/began/begun — Perder: lose/lost/lost
• Morder: bite/bit/bitten — Hacer/Fabricar: make/made/made
• Soplar: blow/blew/blown — Significar: mean/meant/meant
• Romper: break/broke/broken — Conocer: meet/met/met
• Traer: bring/brought/brought — Pagar: pay/paid/paid
• Construir: build/built/built — Poner: put/put/put
• Quemar: burn/burnt/burnt — Leer: read/read/read
• Reventar: burst/burst/burst — Montar: ride/rode/ridden
• Comprar: buy/bought/bought — Llamar: ring/rang/rung
• Poder: