Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for English

Exercise 1: Choose the Correct Answer

Choose the correct answer for each sentence. Only one answer is correct.

1. The train arrives (to arrive) at 12:30. (c)
2. We are having (to have) dinner at a seaside restaurant on Sunday. (d)
3. It is going to snow (to snow) in Brighton tomorrow evening. (a)
4. Paul is flying (to fly) to London on Monday morning. (a)
5. Wait! I will drive (to drive) you to the station. (c)
6. The English lesson starts (to start) at 8:45. (c)
7. I am going to see (to see) my mother in April. (c)
8. Look at the clouds – it is going to rain (to rain) in a few minutes. (a)
9. When they get married in March, they will have been (to be) together for six years. (a)
10. Do you think the teacher will have marked (to mark) our homework by Monday morning? (a)
11. This time

About Me

My name is Johanna Jatziri Mancilla Mosqueda. I am 20 years old and from Mexico. I study Computer Systems Engineering at UVM, Toluca campus, and I am currently finishing my fifth semester. I have always been interested in creativity and technology, and I believe both areas complement each other exceptionally well.

Why Hire Me for the Camp?

I believe you should hire me because I am responsible, kind, and patient. I enjoy helping others and creating a positive, safe space where everyone feels comfortable. I love working with children and teaching them creative activities. As a counselor, I bring:

• Enthusiasm
• Creativity
• Dedication to camper engagement

Weekend Activities

On weekends, I enjoy spending time at home helping in the kitchen and taking... Continue reading "Johanna Jatziri Mancilla Mosqueda: Camp Counselor Profile" »

A Day at the Beach

The beach is a perfect escape from the hustle and bustle of daily life, offering a peaceful retreat by the sea. It stretches along the coastline, with golden sands meeting the sparkling blue water. This natural paradise attracts both locals and tourists who seek a day of relaxation, fun, and outdoor activities.

Beach Activities and Amenities

The beach has a wide range of areas suited for different preferences:

• Quiet zones: Perfect for sunbathing, reading, or watching the waves.
• Active areas: Featuring beach volleyball courts, surfing, and jet skiing.
• Family spots: Gentle waves ideal for young children to splash around safely.

Along the shore, there are cafes and small kiosks where visitors can grab refreshing drinks or snacks while... Continue reading "Coastal Escapes and Inspiring Friendships" »

Education: Technology's Role in Modern Learning

As the proverb goes, "You never stop learning" — but what’s the best way to learn today? In many schools, books and worksheets are still used. However, in recent years, learning apps and platforms have been introduced in classrooms all over the world.

It's widely agreed that lessons are becoming more interactive and personalised thanks to digital tools. A teacher once said that students remember better when they enjoy the process. And it’s true — if learning relied solely on textbooks, boredom would quickly set in. However, combining elements like games, music, and videos transforms learning into an exciting and memorable experience.

Imagine using video games to learn mathematics or history.... Continue reading "Navigating Modern Life: Choices for Well-being and Growth" »

Penguin Breeding and Serial Monogamy

Penguins practice serial monogamy within each breeding season. The female lays a single egg, and the cooperation of both parents is essential for the chick's survival. After laying the egg, the female transfers it to the feet of the waiting male, minimizing exposure to the elements, as the intense cold can kill the developing embryo. The male tends to the egg while the female returns to the sea—now even farther away—to feed herself and gather extra food for the chick. Having not eaten in two months, the female will have lost a third of her body weight by the time she leaves the hatching area.

Incubation and Survival Challenges

For two months, males huddle together for warmth to incubate their eggs. They... Continue reading "Emperor Penguin Breeding Habits and Survival Strategies" »

Sentence Completion and Correction

• (I'm sorry, but / the game / cancelled): I’m sorry, but the game got cancelled.
• (The rules say that / players / must / not strike): The rules say that players mustn’t strike.
• (At the last hockey game / my photo / taken): At the last hockey game, I got a photo taken.

Logical Sentence Follow-ups

Write a sentence to logically follow the first sentence using the words in brackets:

• Why did he leave so quickly? (may / in a hurry): He may have been in a hurry.
• Kate has just had a row with Dylan. (must / upset): She must be upset.
• Why didn’t you tell me you had no way to get to the party? (could / take): I could have taken you.
• There was plenty of food at the party. (have to / bring): We didn’t have to bring more snacks.

Common English Question Structures

How many languages does she speak? Where does she work? What do they supply?
How much does it cost? When did the company start? Where did they establish their headquarters?
Why did they cancel? How many did he order? Note: Did indicates the Past Simple tense.

Active and Passive Voice Transformations

Present Simple

• Active: Verb + -s/-es
• Passive: am / is / are + past participle

Past Simple

• Active: Verb + -ed (or irregular form)
• Passive: was / were + past participle

Future Simple

• Active: will + verb
• Passive: will be + past participle

Present Perfect

• Active: have / has + past participle
• Passive: have / has been + past participle

Modal Verbs

• Active: modal + verb
• Passive: modal + be + past participle

Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

• Big

Reported Speech Transformation Examples

Reported speech, also known as indirect speech, is used to communicate what someone else said without using their exact words. Below are several examples of how to transform direct speech into reported speech using various reporting verbs.

1. "No, I didn't break the window," Billy said.
   Billy denied breaking the window.
2. "I'm sorry I shouted at you," Mary told Peter.
   Mary apologised to Peter for shouting at him.
3. "It only works if you press the green button," he explained.
   He explained that it only worked if I pressed the green button.
4. "Let's go to the cinema this afternoon," Paul said.
   Paul suggested going to the cinema that afternoon.
5. "It's true. I took the bicycle," Saul said.
   Saul admitted taking the bicycle.
6. "No,

Future Career and Travel Ambitions

Personal Vision

In the future, I think my life will be very different from how it is now. I have many dreams and plans, and I'm going to work hard to make them real. For me, the next years will be full of changes and new opportunities. First of all, in five years I'm going to be a programmer. I imagine myself working in something I really enjoy, and I'm sure I will be very happy in this world. Even so, I won't stop studying, because I know I will need to keep learning new things all the time. I'm especially interested in new technologies, so I'm going to explore areas like cybersecurity and data, since they are fields that really motivate me. Moreover, I would love to travel a lot. I think I will live in another

The Internet: A 20th-Century Revolution

The internet has changed the world, making it one of the most important inventions of the 20th century.

Benefits of the Internet

The internet has positively transformed how we communicate and access resources:

• Enhanced Communication: Social media, for example, helps people talk to each other quickly, no matter where they are.
• Accessible Information: Getting information is much easier now, helping people learn and share knowledge more effectively.
• E-commerce Growth: In addition, online shopping has grown, making it convenient to buy things and helping businesses reach more customers.

Drawbacks of the Internet

However, the internet also presents some significant problems:

• Cybersecurity Issues: Threats like hacking