Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for English

The Rapid Advance of Technology

Today, technology is advancing at an incredible speed, profoundly impacting the society in which we live. Its influence spans across various domains, from computers and video games to mobile phones and countless other electronic devices.

Benefits of Modern Technology

Technology offers numerous advantages that enhance our lives:

• Anticipation and Communication: It allows us to anticipate potential events and communicate instantly with friends and family, bridging distances.
• Entertainment and Leisure: Video games and other digital platforms provide significant entertainment and recreational opportunities.
• Crime Solving: Advanced technological tools assist law enforcement in solving crimes by providing insights that human

Reported Speech Examples

Here are some examples demonstrating the transformation from direct speech to reported speech, and vice versa.

Reporting Statements, Questions, and Commands

He said that he could fix the fence if that was convenient.

They told us that they would have to take the dog to the vet if she didn’t get better.

She asked me whether I wanted to go to her party.

Mum reminded me to look after my little sister.

Transforming Direct to Reported Speech

• Direct: "I don’t know how to do my homework!" said Katie (complained)

  Reported: Katie complained about doing her homework.

• Direct: "You should speak to Alice about the party," my mum said to me (suggested)

  Reported: My mum suggested that I should speak with Alice about the party.

• Direct: "I’ve

Verb Tenses

Past Simple vs. Past Continuous:

• We were about to leave when the phone rang. (Past Continuous for an interrupted action)
• I started working here eight years ago. (Past Simple for a completed action in the past)
• When I was a child, I didn't use to watch cartoons. (Used to for past habits)
• When I lived in Palm, I used to go swimming every day. (Used to for past habits)

Present Perfect vs. Past Simple:

• She hasn't stopped smoking yet. (Present Perfect for an action that started in the past and continues to the present)
• She has just finished doing her homework. (Present Perfect for a recently completed action)
• Children have stopped acting up and they have fallen asleep. (Present Perfect for a recent change of state)

Future Tenses:

• I'm looking forward

Mastering 'Unless' in English Sentences

• 1. People don't go to the doctor if they aren't ill. = People don't go to the doctor unless they are ill.
• 2. If there isn't a traffic jam, we'll be home by five o'clock. = We'll be home by five o'clock unless there is a traffic jam.
• 3. I won't know anything about my friends if they don't write to me. = I won't know anything about my friends unless they write to me.
• 4. They wouldn't have bothered you if they hadn't needed your help. = They wouldn't have bothered you unless they needed your help.
• 5. I'll punish you if you don't tell me the truth. = I'll punish you unless you tell me the truth.

Identifying Conditional Sentences (Zero, First, Second, Third)

• 1. Second Conditional: I would eat fish if there were nothing

Cars: Essential or Optional?

While many feel a car is essential for daily commutes and travel, a significant portion of the population opts for alternatives. The use of cars presents both positive and negative aspects.

Advantages of Car Ownership

• Significant independence and freedom of movement.
• Faster than urban public transport for many routes.
• Ability to travel anywhere at your convenience.

Disadvantages of Car Use

• Significant environmental pollution.
• Difficulty finding parking, especially in urban areas.
• Frequent traffic jams, leading to wasted time.
• High risk of accidents.

Conclusion on Cars

In conclusion, while cars are often seen as necessary for work and daily life, various alternatives exist. Like most things, car ownership comes with its own... Continue reading "Modern Living Choices: Pros and Cons of Daily Essentials" »

Combine Sentences Using Relative Pronouns

Combine the sentences using the relative pronouns in brackets. Make any necessary changes. There may be more than one possible answer.

• [27] The flat where I live is bigger than the others.
• [28] Jake, who lives next door, is a collector.
• [29] I remember a time when you couldn’t drive.
• [30] Did you like the soup that my father made?
• [31] My phone, which is brand new, has many applications.
• [32] Is that the singer whose music you love?

Rewrite Sentences in Reported Speech

Rewrite the sentences in reported speech. Make any necessary changes.

• [41] Lisa admitted that she had to tell me.
• [42] I asked Sam if he had heard from Paul.
• [43] The teacher asked me if I could speak louder.
• [44] Amy promised she wouldn’t tell

Mastering Reported Speech & Indirect Speech Examples

This section provides various examples demonstrating the use of reported speech in English, covering statements, questions, commands, and more.

Reported Speech Verb Forms (Set 1)

• enjoyed
• was waiting
• resting
• to listen
• had been training
• would begin

Reported Statements & Commands (Set 2)

• Carl might join the swimming team the following year.
• (He/She) had to go to football practice that afternoon.
• They hadn't eaten anything.
• (Someone) had escaped from prison the previous night.
• (He/She was told) not to come late for the exam the following day.

Reported Questions (Set 3)

• I asked my mother if it was very cold outside.
• Tracy wanted to know where I had bought that coat.
• My friend asked me if I could lend her

A phrasal verb consists of a verb and A preposition or adverb that modifies or changes the meaning; 'give Up' is a phrasal verb that means 'stop doing' something, which is very Different from 'give'. The word or words that modify a verb in this manner can Also go under the name particle

Phrasal verbs can be divided into groups:

1.-Intransitive verbs

       These don't take An object
       They had an argument, but They've made up now.

2.-Inseparable verbs
       The object must come after The particle.
       They are looking After their grandchildren.

3.-Separable verbs
        With some separable verbs, the Object must come between the verb and the particle:
The quality of their work sets them apart from... Continue reading "The school" »

Studying online:

The majority of students who do not have time but want to continue studying, decide to continue studying online. In my opinion, I agree to study online, as I think it can help you grow as a person.

For start, it is clear that studying online will offer you many opportunities. For starters, you have more time to do other things, like work. In addition, studying online allows you to disconnect from the classrooms and not be with more people. Finally, studying online can improve your academic performance and obtain better results, since you have no distractions from other people.

Secondly, I would love to be able to study online, since I could sleep more hours a day, I would not have to put up with the nonsense of some of my classmates... Continue reading "The Impact of Online Learning, Bullying, and the Refugee Crisis" »