Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of English

Reported Speech

Types of Reported Speech

Yes/No Questions

Structure: S + reporting verb + if/whether + S + past tense verb

Example: He asked if he was late.

Wh- Questions

Structure: S + reporting verb + wh-word + S + past tense verb

Example: He asked where he had left his keys.

Orders and Requests

Structure: S + reporting verb + object + (not) + to + infinitive

Note: Use "told" for orders.

Example: He told me to be quiet.

Suggestions

Structure 1: S + suggest (tense) + (not) + verb-ing

Structure 2: S + suggest + that + S + should + infinitive

Example: She suggested going for a walk.

Reporting Verbs

Verbs followed by "to + infinitive"

Examples: agree, offer, refuse, promise, threaten

Example: We agreed not to buy a car.

Additional verbs with object: advise, invite,... Continue reading "Reported Speech: A Comprehensive Guide with Examples" »

Orden of adjectives: O(opinion), S(size), SH(shape), A(age), C(colour), O(origin).
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FUTURE:
-Will: Predictions, opinions, spontaneous, decisions.
-Be going to: plans for the future, intention of future, predictions with evidence.
-Present continuous: Arrangements(preparativos), dates(fechas).
-Future continuous: S+WILL+BE+GERUND. Finished action in the future.
-Future perfect: S+WILL+HAVE+PAST PART. Completed action in the future
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Such...that / So...that:
Such + (a/an [singular]) + adjective + noun + that
It was such a cramped street that we couldn't walk.
So + adjective + that
The street was so cramped that we couldn't walk.

Conditional sentences:

First... Continue reading "Orden of adjectives, future, conditional sentences and wishes and regrets in English" »

PASSIVE VOICE

Tense Forms

Present: is/are + past participle

Past: was/were + past participle

Future: will be + past participle

Present Perfect: have/has been + past participle

Modal + BE + past participle

Modals

Expressing Ability and Possibility

can, can't, could, will be able to

Giving Advice

should, shouldn't

Expressing Obligation and Prohibition

must, have to, mustn't

Future Forms

Going to: Plans or clear evidence

Present Continuous: Future plans already made

Will: Predictions, spontaneous decisions, promises

MAKING ARRANGEMENTS

Asking to Meet

Are you available/free on ...?

Can we meet on ...?

How does the 3rd sound to you?

Would Friday suit you?

Is next Tuesday convenient for you?

What about sometime next ....?

Responding to Meeting Requests

Yes, Monday is fine.... Continue reading "English Grammar Essentials: Tenses, Modals, and More" »

11.1. Their Great-aunt from England wants Herrnione eats ro stay with the Durrells.
11.2. They move to a villa srnaller so that they can tell Great-aunt Hermione that she cannot come to stay with thern Because they havent got enough room.
12.1. In the new town, Gerry has the opportunity to observe Sorne Ladybugs and green transparent Sorne CAJL gecko lizards.
12.2. With Mr Kralefsky, Gerry spends part of every Jesson talking about birds but I also Leams a lot of history, geography and French.
12.3. Kralefsky's mother tells Gerry that flowers talk and that they have long conversations, Although she can not understand their lan gauge.
12.4. The Magpies drop papers all over the floor and paper clips all over the carpet and bed. They make... Continue reading "My family and other animals" »

Verb Tenses

Present Continuous vs. Present Simple

1. I'm angry with William. I am not talking / don't talk to him.

2. Listen! My sister is singing / sings in the shower.

3. This cheese tastes / is tasting strange.

4. Are you thinking / Do you think Ann is pretty?

5. Laura is walking / walks to school every day.

Past Simple vs. Past Continuous

1. The sun SETS (set) in the west.

2. Please don't disturb me. I AM STUDYING (study).

3. I still DON’T KNOW (not know) the answer.

4. DO YOU ALWAYS GO (you / always /go) to the cinema on Friday nights?

5. We HAVE (have) a picnic next Sunday.

Present Simple vs. Present Continuous

6. How much DOES THIS PARCEL WEIGH (this parcel / weigh)?

7. Ms Rivers is busy at the moment. She IS TEACHING (teach).

8. Now I REMEMBER (remember)... Continue reading "Jamie Oliver: A Culinary Icon" »

Active Passive Tense
Present simple Writes / write is / are written
P. Continuous is / are writing is / are being written
Past simple wrote was / were written
Continuous Ps was / were writting was / were being -
Present Perfect has / have written has / have been --
Past perfect Had written had been written
Simple Future will write will been written
Future perfect will have will have been written -
conditional would write would be written
would have written would have been written
Infinitive to write to be written
to have written to have benn written
-ing form writing being written
written having been written havin


Impersonal
It + passive + to + v1 equal
staff
S2 + v1 + v2 passive + to infinitive


REPORTED SPEECH
Work -------... Continue reading "Passive / REproted" »

All happen when The doctor goes to the beach to visit some relatives when he was young. Then was when he met Rafael. Rafael was a mad man who lived in a house-boat near the beach.
When The doctor grows, he decide to go back, and is then when he know rafaels story.
Rafael was in love with Anita, but then a soldier from another country, who had borned on a rich family, starts to be interesting for her, and she ends leaving Rafael alone. Rafael, who was now really sad, tries to get back anitas love killing the soldier, but a fail on his plains makes Anita and the soldier die together. Rafael ends mad, without his lovely girl and without nothing else to do on the world.

* Rafael is a dirty sad man, who lives under a boat in the beach. He is very

... Continue reading "Kjuy" »

allowance-money given to someone regularly-pensión,subsidio
beech-a kind of tree- haya
blacksmith-a person who makes things from metal -herrero
bear (v) to allow something to continue when it causes pain aguantar
box (n) a "room" in a stables for one horse compartimento de un establo
breed (v) to produce young (horses or children) criar
canter (of a horse) to run, but not fast ir a medio galope
casually carelessly, not seriously despreocupadamente
champagne white sparkling wine champán
charm (n) the ability to please people and make them like you encanto
crush (v) to push something hard until it breaks aplastar
deny to say that something is not true negar
drunk (adj) feeling the effects of too much alcoholic drink borracho
estate (n) a large area of land... Continue reading "Vocabulary brat farrar" »

Estrella is nineteen years old. She´s studying for a diploma in x-ray technician. She starts her exams in December, now she is doing an English test . She wants to be am x-ray technician because she likes working with patients since she was a child. At the moment, her practises are in a Hospital Virgen de la Salud in Toledo./ In her free time, she plays basketball and listening to music, she likes to spend time with her friends too.

... Continue reading "How do computers affect the way you spend your free time" »

The Canterville Ghost

Why did Hiram B. Otis receive negative reactions after he decided to buy Canterville Chase?

Because the house was haunted.

Where was Canterville Chase and how did people get there?

In England, he arrived at the nearest train station and then they take a carriage.

What event happened on the spot where Mrs Otis noticed the bloodstain?

It was Lady Eleanore’s blood and she was murdered by her husband Simon in 1575.

Why do you think the Otis family promised Mrs Umney a higher salary?

Because she was scared.

Why did Mr Otis close and lock the library before going to bed?

Because the blood stain was coming back and he wanted to see if it was the ghost.

What was the noise which awakened Mr Otis?

It was the sound of the ghost’s chains.... Continue reading "The Canterville Ghost: Summary, Analysis, and Questions" »