Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Electronics

High

1.      What is the purpose of the HL-suppress buttom?

To switch off the HL temporarily

2.      What is the purpose of the drift control?

Used to ground stabilise true motion display

3.      What is the purpose of the brilliance control?

Adjust signal intensity on the display

4.      How to reduce beam width distortion?

Reduce gain

5.      Which course should be fed in to a stabilised radar picture?

True course

6.      What is the purpose of the VRM control?

To measure distance accurately

7.      Marine radar bearing accuracy is generally?

Not so good

8.      It is a requirement to have The HM-suppress button spring loaded?

Yes, it is an IMO requirement

9.      What is the minimum display diameter required

1.      18 Is it a requirement for the ARPA to provide warning on connected external equipment?

Yes

2.      Is it a requirement for an ARPA to be sea and ground stabilised?

Yes

3.      Comparing manual and automatic acquisition, which is most sensitive?

Manual acquisition

4.      What is the difference between a tracking gate and a tracking window?

It is the same thing

5.      What is the purpose of digitizing the radar echoes?

The ARPA tracking system only work with digital signals

6.      What is the purpose of the steady course filter?

Provide stabile target information

7.      Can a target reduction of speed activate the fast filter?

Yes

8.      Can a target course change deactivate the slow filter?

Yes

9.     

36.      Does current and drift effect the True vector on a relative motion display?

Yes

2.      If you input gyro course to the ARPA, what can you expect?

Error in other ships calculated course

3.      Why is raster scan display “lock up” so dangerous?

The displayed information is no longer relevant

4.      What is dangerous with operating the ARPA in mixed mode over time?

Forgetting that this actually in mixed mode

5.      What can you expect from the ARPA target tracking system in auto acquisition mode?

Small and weak targets may not be acquired

6.      Doesthe line connecting the PAD or POS whit the target indicate target speed?

No

7.      What is the meaning of a flashing triangle, apex pointing down?

New target

The Relationship Between Culture and Education

The relationship between culture and education is fundamental to ensuring that all students can learn in a fair and meaningful way. However, when teachers focus solely on complying with standard educational regulations, without taking into account the cultural and linguistic needs of students, there could be problems that affect both their learning and their integration into the classroom.

The Limitations of Standardized Education

On the one hand, general educational standards attempt to ensure that all students achieve the same goals, which seems positive, as it promotes equality and allows progress to be measured in a uniform way. However, this approach does not take into account that students come... Continue reading "Culture and Education: Impact on Student Learning" »

SCR Construction

A thyristor, or SCR, consists of four P-N-P-N layers and has three PN junctions (J1, J2, J3) in series. It has three terminals: Anode, Cathode, and Gate. The Gate terminal is attached to the P-type layer near the Cathode terminal. The two-transistor model shows that an SCR is a combination of one PNP transistor and one NPN transistor.

The emitter of the PNP transistor is taken as the Anode terminal, the emitter of the NPN transistor is taken as the Cathode, and the base of the PNP is taken as the Gate terminal. The base of the PNP is connected to the collector of the NPN, and the collector of the PNP is connected to the base of the NPN transistor.

Advantages of SCRs:

• Easy to turn ON
• Can handle large voltage, current, and power
• Possible

Unit 12

Visitor: Hello there. I’m thinking of buying a USB flash drive and I’ve heard you’re presenting a new device at this show. Could I see it?

Salesperson: Of course. This is the new Dragon flash drive, a compact flash memory drive that acts like a portable hard drive.

Visitor: And what’s the storage capacity?

Salesperson: Well, this model here can hold 16 gigabytes of data. We also have drives of 64 gigs, but they’re more expensive. The drive consists of a USB connector covered by a removable cap, a mass storage controller, and a flash memory chip. It also includes a write-protect switch and password protection.

Visitor: You’re getting a bit too technical for me! Does it connect like a normal drive?

Salesperson: Yes, you just plug... Continue reading "Dragon Flash Drive and MP4 Player: Features and Comparison" »

Pumping Lemma and Non-Regular Languages

9) Define Pumping Lemma. Prove that the language L = { aⁱ b^j | i > j } is not a regular language:

Let L be a regular language. There exists a constant k such that for every string ω in L, where the length of string ω i.e |ω| ≥ k, we can break ω into 3 strings i.e ω = xyz following conditions:

• (i) |xy| ≤ k
• (ii) y ≠ ε i.e |y| > 0
• (iii) for each q ≥ 0, xy^qz ∈ L

Let L be a regular language. w = a^(k+1) b^k is a long string (given k > 0). |w| = 2k + 1, w = xyz should satisfy:

• (i) |xy| ≤ k
• (ii) y ≠ 0
• (iii) for each q ≥ 0, xy^q z ∈ L

Let k = 3, w = a⁴ b³, which is aaaaabbb.

• (i) |xy| ≤ k, 3 ≤ 3
• (ii) y ≠ 0, y = a

Minimization of DFA's

11) Minimization of DFA’s A=(Q, Σ, δ, q₀, F):

Use... Continue reading "Pumping Lemma, Table Filling, DFA Minimization, Parse Trees, Ambiguous Grammars & Context-Free Grammars" »

Key Concepts in Language Acquisition and Child Development

Questions & Answers

1. According to Chomsky, language is... A (We possess an innate capacity for language.)
2. Which of the following statements is true? C (Learners need a supportive environment.)
3. Behaviorism relies on... A (Skinner's theory of operant conditioning.)
4. According to Krashen... C (Comprehensible input is important.)
5. According to constructivism... A (Children of a similar age think similarly.)
6. The term "concentration span" refers to... A (The time and capacity for focused attention.)
7. Comprehensible input means... B (The teacher uses facial expressions and gestures.)
8. Language acquisition does not require... D (All of the above.)
9. What is the zone of proximal development? A (The zone

To control by PWM requires 2 factors:

1-crossing detection signal by 0.

2-? determine the time, every time you walk by 0.

to detect the zero crossing can be performed
through an operational amplifier connected
comparator.

TCA = 785

Pin Symbol Function

1 GND Earth

2 Q2 *Output 2 Inverted

3 Output U QU

4 Q1 * Output 1 Inverted

5 5Synchronizing voltage Vsync (to detect

zero crossing)

6 Inhibitor

7 QZ Z Output

8 8 Vref voltage stabilized (continuous signal for the

integrator)

9 9 ramp resistor R9 (for the integrator)

10 C10 ramp Capacitance (for the integrator)

11 11 V11 Control Voltage (for comparator)

12 12 C12 pulse Extension

13 LLong pulse

14 Q1 Output 1

15 Q2 Output 2

16 l sSupply voltage.

When past simple and while past continuous. Used to: affirmative - S+used to+v.ing, negative - S+didn't use to+inf, interrogative - Did+S+use to+inf? Yes, I did. No, I didn't. Active Voice: Subject+verb+D.C.+Complement

Passive Voice: Subject+verb+D.C. (by)+Complement

Modals

• can/can't -> puede/no puede
• could/couldn't -> podía/no podía
• should/shouldn't -> debería/no debería -> consejo
• must -> deber -> obligación
• mustn't -> no deber -> prohibición
• have to -> tener que
• don't have to -> no tener que -> no obligación
• may -> puedo que
• might -> podía ser que -> posibilidad

Reported Speech

• now -> then
• today -> that day
• tomorrow -> the next day/the following day
• yesterday -> the previous day/the day before
• next