Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Economy

Asset Demand

Money held as an asset (e.g., under the mattress) is influenced by the risks associated with such storage and inflation rates.

Banking

Banking involves various financial institutions transferring funds from lenders to borrowers.

Main Financial Institutions

Primarily commercial banks, but also:

1. Savings and Loan Institutions (SLs): Smaller scale, typically locally focused.
2. Insurance Companies: Life insurance policies involve ongoing deposits, with the insurance company returning funds with interest if the policyholder doesn't die. Thus, insurance companies actively facilitate lending to firms.
3. Mutual Funds: Pool household savings, managed by experts, offering diverse products to different customers.
4. Pension Funds: Supplement social security,

As requested at the meeting of 27 February, here is my report.

How can we improve employee satisfaction?

The purpose of the report is to suggest ways to improve the employee satisfaction and the staff motivation. It is based on the figures in the book showing the percentages. I have decided to divide the report into three sections: background, findings, and recommendations.

Looking at the results (Background)

As can be seen in the table in our notes book, employee satisfaction has been falling over the last year, and employee turnover and guest satisfaction are both being affected. This has led to a situation where it is necessary to encourage the employees.

Keys of the problem (Findings)

The employee turnover is very high. As mentioned above, satisfaction... Continue reading "Improving Employee Satisfaction and Motivation" »

Business Ethics

2) Business ethics (Business corruption/ Tax fraud/ Tax havens, crimes/ Politics and the economy)

Business ethics are moral principles that guide the way of a business behaviour.
Acting in an ethical way involves distinguishing between “right” and “wrong” and then making the “right” choice. As an ethical behaviour, company must avoid the pollution or the use of children for their activities. A measure for solve this is to make codes behaviour in the companies. Another type of business ethics is to pay the taxes and don't avoid it. Tax avoidance could be legal if a businessman finds a legal vacuum in the rules of the tax system, but the question is if it is ethical. Evidently, the answer is negative, as the spirit... Continue reading "The Impact of Business Ethics on Society" »

What Is a Company?

A company consists of individuals or organizations that strive to earn a profit by providing products that satisfy people's needs.

Different Kinds of Products

Products are the outcomes of a company's efforts. They possess both tangible and intangible characteristics that provide satisfaction and benefits. When purchasing a product, consumers acquire the perceived benefits and satisfaction it offers.

Factors for Earning a Profit

Profitability requires effective management skills in planning, organizing, and controlling business activities. It also involves finding and developing employees, creating desirable products, and implementing marketing strategies to manufacture, price, promote, and distribute those products.

Stakeholders

Stakeholders... Continue reading "Understanding Business Fundamentals" »

Fiscal policy can be defined as governments' actions to influence an economy through the use of taxation and spending. This type of policy is used when policymakers believe the economy needs outside help to adjust to a desired point. Typically, a government has a desire to maintain steady prices, employment level, and a growing economy. If any of these areas are out of sorts, some type of fiscal policy may be in order.

Fiscal policy can be used to either stimulate a sluggish economy or to slow down an economy that is growing at a rate that is getting out of control (which can lead to inflation or asset bubbles). Fiscal policy directly affects the aggregate demand of an economy. Recall that aggregate demand is the total number of final goods... Continue reading "Understanding Fiscal Policy: Expansionary and Contractionary Measures" »

U2: 

PST PERF: Subj + had/hadn't+V.PP or -ed.

Distribution Channels

Exclusive Distribution (Lamborghini)

• Intermediary gains exclusive rights to sell product in specific geographic area.
• Limited number of intermediaries.
• Stronger distributor support.
• Greater control over product.
• Enhanced brand image.
• Higher markups.
• Exclusive dealing arrangements.

Selective Distribution (Apple)

• Manufacturer selects limited number of stores to sell product.
• Selection based on objective criteria.
• Maintains relative control.
• Expects above-average sales effort.

Intensive Distribution (Hacendado Products)

• Producer uses as many specialized outlets as possible to provide:
• Maximum brand exposure.
• Consumer convenience.

Extensive Distribution (Kit Kat)

• Producer uses as many outlets as possible (of any category) to provide:
• Maximum

1) Business and New Technologies

Working from Home

Nowadays, new technologies are transforming the business landscape. This composition will explore some of these impactful technologies.

Firstly, working from home has emerged as a prominent trend. This new technique allows individuals to work for a company remotely, eliminating the need to be physically present in the workplace. Working from home offers both advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages of Working from Home

• Cost Savings: Working from home allows individuals to save on various costs associated with commuting to work.
• Flexibility: Workers can enjoy the flexibility of choosing their own work hours, lighting, and overall work environment, enabling them to work in a framework that maximizes

Capitalist System

The capitalist system is an economy regulated by the market, specifically through the law of supply and demand. It determines what goods or services are to be produced at any given time.

Socialist System

In contrast, the socialist system has economic activity regulated by the state through a planned economy. In this system, businesses are obliged to comply with the state's decisions on what to produce, prices, and worker's salaries.

Mixed Systems

Mixed systems combine elements of both market economy and state economic intervention. These systems often include a welfare state, where the state decides how and who produces goods and services.

Neoliberal Ideologies

Neoliberal ideologies advocate for a total liberalization of the economic... Continue reading "Capitalist System vs Socialist System: Understanding Economic Regulation" »

Cost Accounting

Cost Accounting is a branch of accounting and has been developed due to limitations of financial accounting. Financial accounting is primarily concerned with record keeping directed towards the preparation of Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet. It provides information regarding the profit and loss that the business enterprise is making and also its financial position on a particular date. The financial accounting reports help the management to control in a general way the various functions of the business but it fails to give detailed reports on the efficiency of various divisions. The limitations of Financial Accounting which led to the development of cost accounting

Objectives of Cost Accounting

1. To analyse and classify