Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Competitive examination

I am writing to apply for the position of Accounting Administrative.

I am currently studying a course to get access to Administration and Finance.

As you can see in my CV, I studied:

• Basic level of vocational training in Commerce and Marketing
• Intermediate level of vocational training in Management and Administration
• Higher level of vocational training in Administration and Finance

I have worked for 4 years and 7 months as an Administrative Assistant for Movistar.

I have experience in:

• Document management and archiving
• Attention and contact with customers, commercial, and suppliers
• Bank reconciliation
• Book/accounting entries
• Taxes - impuestos

I feel I am suitable for this role as I have a great deal of experience in Administrative Assistant with more than... Continue reading "Experienced Administrative Assistant with Accounting Skills" »

The Steam Engine's Impact on the Industrial Revolution

The steam engine, initially invented by Thomas Newcomen and significantly improved by James Watt, was a pivotal innovation. Its development directly led to the creation of railways and steamships, revolutionizing transportation. This advancement made transport:

• Faster
• Cheaper
• Capable of carrying heavier cargoes

Spread of the Industrial Revolution Across Europe

Britain served as the primary model for industrialization, with other European nations soon following its example. Many countries adopted industrial practices and enhanced their transport systems. Nations like Belgium, France, Switzerland, and Germany developed their own industries at varying stages. Notably, Spain did not participate in... Continue reading "Key Historical Milestones: Industrial Revolution & Spanish History" »

Business Structures, Strategies, and Restructuring

Company Structure

A company is a separate legal entity, possessing the same rights as a person. This includes the ability to incur debt, sue, and be sued.

Partnership Structure

A partnership involves multiple individuals who conduct business together.

Business Strategies

A business strategy is a plan to achieve specific objectives. These strategies can be generic or competitive.

Generic Strategies

• Growth: Introducing new products or adding new features (e.g., phone companies).
• Product Differentiation: Creating a competitive advantage through superior quality or service (e.g., air purifiers with superior engineering design).
• Price-Skimming: Initially charging high prices for a product and then lowering

Wallow (verb)

To roll about or lie in water, snow, mud, dust, or the like, as for refreshment.

Taillights (noun)

A light, usually red, at the rear of an automobile or train.

Dangled (verb)

To hang loosely, especially with a jerking or swaying motion.

Upholstery (noun)

The materials used to cushion and cover furniture.

Leer (verb)

To look with a sideways or oblique glance, especially suggestive of lascivious interest or sly and malicious intention.

Sizzling (verb)

To make a hissing sound, as in frying or burning.

Haggle (verb)

To bargain in a petty, quibbling, and often contentious manner.

Strew (verb)

To let fall in separate pieces or particles over a surface; scatter or sprinkle.

Pail (noun)

A deep, cylindrical vessel, usually of metal, plastic, or wood, with... Continue reading "Understanding 40 Essential Vocabulary Words" »

English Grammar Cheat Sheet

Stative Verbs

Believe, know, understand, remember, forget, think

Reported Speech

Modal Verbs

Must – had to

Time Expressions

• Now – at the moment
• Today – that day
• Tonight – that night
• This (morning, week) – that (morning, week)
• Yesterday – the day before
• Last (week, month, year) – the (week, month, year) before
• (Two days/ a year) ago – (two days/ a year) earlier
• Tomorrow – the next/following day
• Next (week) – the following (week)

Place

• This – that
• These – those
• Here – there

Questions

• Direct Speech: Where are you going?
• Reported Speech: Mum asked where I was going.
• Direct Speech: Are you famous?, he asked her.
• Reported Speech: He asked her if she was famous.
• Direct Speech: Do you like horror films?, she asked.
• Reported

Effective Media Relations Guidelines

• Identify which journalists are most relevant for which story.
• Read their articles or posts; it takes time, but it pays off.
• Distribute relevant information to the right people.
• Make the media your ally.
• Make journalists’ jobs easier by saving them time and effort. Always be available to provide them with the information they need, in the format they require.
• The media needs news, information, and fillers on a regular basis.
• The media is not interested in what you want. They are only interested in what their readers, listeners, or viewers want.
• Information must be aimed, adapted, and presented in a way that meets their needs and requirements, in their format.
• Establish person-to-person contact.
• Develop a personal

Literary Opposites and Vocabulary

• Beauty: Ugliness
• Dangerous: Safe
• Evil: Pleasant
• Good-looking: Ugly
• Loved: Hated
• Terrible: Good
• Ugly: Beautiful / Good-looking
• Young: Old

Analysis of Chapters 12 and 13: Basil Hallward's Fate

Instruction: Review the following questions and answers based on Chapters 12 and 13 of The Picture of Dorian Gray.

1. Where was Basil going?

   Basil was planning to go to Paris, but Dorian murdered him that night.

2. What had Basil heard about Dorian?

   Basil had heard terrible things about Dorian's reputation.

3. Where did Dorian take Basil?

   Dorian took Basil to his home (specifically, the locked room where the portrait was kept).

4. How did Basil feel when he saw the picture?

   He felt afraid and horrified because the portrait had changed, reflecting Dorian'

Key Trends in Educational Outcomes (2009-2012)

• Equity in education outcomes deteriorated between 2009 and 2012.

Gender Differences in Academic Performance

• In 2012, girls outperformed boys in reading by an average of 29 score points.
• In 2012, boys outperformed girls by 16 score points in mathematics, a 7-point larger gender gap than seen in 2003.
• Across OECD countries, 42% of students (64% of girls) believe their failure in mathematics is due to a lack of ability. In Spain, this figure rises to 74% of students (80% of girls).

Socioeconomic Origin and Academic Performance

• In 2012, socioeconomically advantaged students outperformed less-advantaged students by 34 score points in mathematics.

Ethnicity and Academic Performance

• The immigrant student population

Corporate Identity and Philosophy

Corporate Identity Touchpoints (Exposures)

• Visual and verbal identity and symbols
• Product appearance
• Environment
• Websites
• Communications
• People
• Co-branding

Key Corporate Communication Areas

• Visual and verbal identity and symbols
• Product appearance
• Environment
• Events
• Internal communications
• Crisis management

Defining Corporate Philosophy

To define corporate philosophy, we must answer three fundamental questions: What do I do? Where do I want to go? How do I do it?

Components of Corporate Philosophy

• Mission: Responds to "What do I do?" (Current purpose).
• Vision: Responds to "Where do I want to go?" (Future goals of the organization).
• Core Values: Responds to "How do I do it?" Determines the way the organization and its employees

The Passive with Reporting Verbs

We can use passive reporting verbs in two ways:

1. Subject of the subordinate clause + verb in the main clause is the passive + to + infinitive of the verb in the subordinate clause.

The university is said to be one of the best in the country. (= Se dice que la universidad es una de las mejores del país.)

The exam is expected to be really difficult this year. (= Se espera que el examen sea más difícil este año.)

2. It + passive form of the reporting verb + that + subject + verb

It is believed that the class will be very popular. (= Se cree que la clase será muy popular.)

It's thought that boys prefer exams to coursework. (= Se cree que los chicos prefieren los exámenes al trabajo diario.)

Reporting Verbs:

• accept
• hope
• say
• believe
• know
• think
• claim