Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Baccalaureate

Enhance your understanding of common English words and phrases with this comprehensive list of terms and their clear definitions. Perfect for language learners and anyone looking to improve their vocabulary.

Plaster

A hard, white substance that protects broken bones.

Survey

A study.

Abroad

In a foreign country.

Actually

In fact.

Advertisements

Commercials.

Argue

Angrily telling someone you disagree.

Bargain

Something whose cost is significantly lower than its value.

Bargain Hunter

A person who looks for special offers to buy.

Be Aware Of

To know about something.

Blood Pressure

The pressure with which blood flows around the body.

Breaking News

The most recent news.

Broadcast

To send out a program on television or radio.

Broadsheet

Serious newspapers.

Browse

To look for

Macroeconomics: Understanding the Big Picture

Macroeconomics can be defined as that branch of economic analysis which studies the behavior of not one particular unit, but of all the units combined together. Like the study of a forest, it studies economic phenomena from the perspective of the entire economy or a particular sector of the economy.

Microeconomics: Focus on Individual Entities

Microeconomics, like the study of a tree, studies economic phenomena from the perspective of individual entities.

Economic Growth: Driving National Prosperity

Economic growth is the increase in the goods and services produced by an economy, typically a nation, over a long period of time. It enables wage and income earners, producers, and even macroeconomic planners... Continue reading "Essential Economic Concepts: Macro and Micro Foundations" »

Core Economic Concepts

Microeconomics: Households and Firms

Microeconomics is the study of the economic system from the perspective of households and business firms.

Macroeconomics: System Performance

Macroeconomics is the study of the overall performance of the economic system.

Economic Growth (EGR)

Economic growth means that the economy is moving towards its full potential output. This is beneficial for the economy because it signifies that people are working and goods are being sold, which in turn stimulates the economy further by creating more jobs. Economic growth is typically presented as the percentage increase in Real GDP.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Definition and Measurement

GDP is the total market value of all the final goods and services... Continue reading "Understanding Key Economic Indicators and Finance Terms" »

What Evidence Do Rocks Provide About Life?

Rocks are still an important source of information about many forms of life that existed on this planet.

Why Can Scientists Not Be Sure How Earth Was Created?

Because no rock dates to the formation of the Earth.

How Might Fossil Teeth Reveal an Animal's Diet?

Size and shape indicate diet.

Explain Relative Dating of Fossils

Sedimentary rocks form layers, with newer or younger layers added on top of older layers. This does not tell scientists the exact age of the fossil; however, it does tell the scientist the fossil's age in relation to others above it or below it.

Two More Common Radioactive Isotopes

• Potassium-40
• Carbon-14

What Is a Mass Extinction?

It is when many organisms disappear from the fossil record at... Continue reading "Unlocking Earth's Secrets: A Guide to Fossils, Geological Time, and the Origin of Life" »

Vocabulary

Social Interactions

• Back up
• Fall out
• Finish with
• Friendship group
• Gossip about
• Hurt somebody's feelings
• Take an instant dislike to
• Let down
• Life and soul of the party
• Look out for
• Make up
• Rely on
• Talk behind somebody's back
• Split up
• Upset

Opinions and Attitudes

• Approve of
• Be ashamed of
• Attitude towards
• Be aware of
• Belong to
• Bias against
• Decrease in
• Depend on
• Different from
• Fearful of
• Prevent/protect from
• Puzzled by
• Result in
• Similar to
• Typical of

Phrasal Verbs

• Do away with
• Die out
• Take over
• Carry on
• Get on
• Talk someone into
• Get across

Time and Scheduling

• Ahead of schedule
• The last minute
• At times
• Catch up on
• Deadline
• From time to time
• Get behind
• In the nick of time
• In two weeks' time
• Keep somebody waiting
• Remember
• Retain
• Rush
• Slow down
• Take your time
• Time to spare
• Turn up

Emphasis and Specificity

• Specially
• Especially
• Particular
• Particularly

Additional

ECB Governing Council Meeting: October 29, 2020

Key Economic Context

• A fall in oil prices caused a fall in inflation.
• The pandemic led to an economic crisis, necessitating stimulus from the ECB to support the economy.
• Inflation fell from 0.7% in March to 0.4% in April.

Policy Decisions

1. The interest rates on the Main Refinancing Operations (MRO) and the interest rates on the marginal lending and deposit facilities will remain unchanged at 0.00%, 0.25%, and -0.50% respectively.

1. 1. 1. The ECB expects interest rates to remain unchanged or to be lowered until the inflation outlook converges to a level close to 2%.

2. The ECB will continue its **Pandemic Emergency Purchase Program (PEPP)**—€1,350 billion—until June 2021. Its objective is to offset the harm

The American Food Industry

From Farm to Factory

Global Food Insecurity

Today, with a global population of 7.8 billion, approximately 15% face challenges accessing food and drinkable water. The shift from rural to urban living, with over half the population now residing in cities, has transformed our relationship with food.

The Rise of Industrialized Agriculture

Population growth and urbanization have led to significant changes in food production. The development of tractors and other agricultural tools increased productivity, while advancements in chemistry, such as GMOs and pesticides, boosted production per square mile. This led to the adoption of Fordist principles, increasing scale and transforming agriculture into a factory system.

In recent... Continue reading "The American Food Industry: From Farm to Factory" »

Major Theories of Truth

Truth as Correspondence

Considers a proposition to be true when there is a match between what the proposition expresses and the reality to which it refers.

Truth as Coherence

A proposition is true if it does not contradict the rest of the accepted propositions. The coherence of the new proposition with those we already know to be true indicates that this new one is also true.

Truth as Success (Pragmatism)

Considers a proposition to be true when it is useful and therefore leads to success. The truth of a proposition coincides with its consequences. A proposition is true if its implementation has positive results.

Limits of Knowledge

Dogmatism

Admits the possibility of knowing things in their true being or in themselves, and the... Continue reading "Major Theories of Truth and Knowledge Limits" »

Introduction

The Indoor Multisport Club is presented below. It is a project that covers a wide variety of sports, both individual and team, such as basketball, futsal, handball, volleyball, badminton, and psicomotricity. The club aims to provide facilities and choices to kids who are undecided about which sport to play.

Context

The opportunity observed in carrying out this project has been the lack of people in sports other than football in the village of Muro. For this reason, the club underlines the importance of offering different sport options to kids. It also emphasizes giving importance to the children's decision and not to the parents' will, since children are the ones who practice sports, not their relatives.

Practicing a variety of sports... Continue reading "Indoor Multisport Club for Kids in Muro and Surroundings" »