Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Baccalaureate

This document summarizes key concepts and solutions from previous database exam questions.

Relational Schema with Functional Dependencies

• Schema: R(A, B, C, D, E, F)
• Dependencies: C → F, E → A, EC → D, A → B

1. Candidate Keys: CE
2. Prime Attributes: C, E
3. Second Normal Form (2NF):
   • No, because of partial dependencies:
     • C → F (partial dependency)
     • E → A, B (partial dependency)

EMP_DEPT Table Analysis

1. Functional Dependencies:
   • Ssn → Ename, Bdate, Address, Dnumber, Dname, Dmgr_ssn
   • Dnumber → Dname, Dmgr_ssn
   • Dmgr_ssn → Dnumber, Dname
   • Dname → Dnumber, Dmgr_ssn
2. First Normal Form (1NF):
   • Split names into first_name and last_name.
3. Second Normal Form (2NF):
   • Already in 2NF because there are no partial dependencies.

EMP_PROJ Table Normalization

1. Functional Dependencies:

English Conditionals

• 0 Conditional: If + Present Simple + Present Simple
• 1st Conditional: If + Present Simple + will + infinitive
• 2nd Conditional: If + Past Simple + would + infinitive
• 3rd Conditional: If + Past Perfect + would have + past participle

Mixed Conditionals

• 3rd + 2nd Conditional: If + Past Perfect + would + base verb
• 2nd + 3rd Conditional: If + Past Simple + would have + past participle

If Only / I Wish

• 1. If only / I wish + Past Simple: Used for desires regarding the present or future.
• 2. If only / I wish + would + infinitive: Used when you want a near-future situation to change (often expresses annoyance).
• 3. If only / I wish + Past Perfect: Used to express regret or past wishes.

Alternatives to "If"

• Whether: si
• In case: en caso de
• As long as:

Argumentative Essay Templates

Lately, this has not only been a popular topic, but it has also led some collectives to voice criticism of the mainstream attitude. It should be a crucial target for society, the state, the government, the administration, and educational establishments due to reliable sources. I firmly believe that this is a serious problem for us and our society.

Key Arguments and Evidence

• Firstly: It has been widely proven that...
• Evidence: An experiment that took place in [place] [number] years/months ago showed that... Indeed, if the experiment had not taken place, these shocking results would not have been brought to light.

On the whole, it is clear to me that... Furthermore, [x] ought to take action to fix this as soon as possible.... Continue reading "Effective Essay Writing Templates for Academic Success" »

Essential English Connectors and Their Meanings

Here's a list of common English connectors with their Spanish translations:

• First of all - En primer lugar
• In my opinion - En mi opinión
• Personally - Personalmente
• As far as I am concerned - Por lo que a mí respecta
• From my point of view - Bajo mi punto de vista
• To begin with - Para empezar
• Firstly - Primeramente
• Secondly - En segundo lugar
• That's why - Esto es por lo que
• Therefore - Por lo tanto
• As a result of - Como resultado
• Consequently - En consecuencia
• As - Como
• So - Así que
• Whereas - Mientras que
• So...that... - Tan...que...
• Such a...that... - Tan...que...
• On the one hand - Por una parte
• However/Nevertheless - Sin embargo
• Anyhow - De todas formas
• Anyway - De cualquier manera
• In spite of/Despite - A pesar de
• On

Key Definitions: Science, Security, and Social Terms

Scientific and Medical Vocabulary

Acid

A liquid chemical that can burn what it touches.

Bacteria

The simplest and smallest forms of life, some of which can cause diseases.

Biology

The scientific study of all living things (plants and animals).

Cancer

A diseased growth in the body which can cause death.

Gene

An extremely small chemical unit which passes qualities from parents to children.

Genetics

The study of genes and how they work.

Mathematics

The science of numbers.

Physics

The scientific study of light, heat, and sound.

Virus

A simple organism smaller than bacteria, which causes infectious diseases.

Security, Technology, and Finance Terms

Airlock

A small room with an airtight door at each end.

Auction

A sale... Continue reading "Essential Vocabulary: Science, Security, and Social Terms" »

Are Young People Fashion Victims?

The statement suggests that young people are all fashion victims. It is true that young people generally like fashionable clothes and sometimes spend a lot of money on them. But does that make us fashion victims?

Arguments for Following Fashion Trends

On the one hand, many of us like to look stylish and fashionable. Consequently, many people buy clothes which they have seen advertised in magazines or on TV. Furthermore, many of us like to wear the same things as our friends. This means that we sometimes feel under pressure to spend lots of money on all the latest trends.

Arguments for Individual Style

On the other hand, a lot of young people want to be different. For this reason, many young people have a unique... Continue reading "Modern Debates: Fashion, Ethics, Energy, and E-Commerce" »

Augustine on Skepticism and Truth

Academic — in his Counter (or against the Academics) — Augustine criticizes scholars such as Carneades, Arcesilaus and the successors of Plato's Academy who held the position of philosophical skepticism. According to Augustine, that form of skepticism had stripped Platonism of its ascetic and religious character and upheld the claim that it is not really possible to know.

License, an Academic contemporary of Augustine, stated that to achieve happiness it is enough to seek the truth; there was no need to know it. Given this interpretation of Platonism, Augustine — responding to Academic skepticism — uses an argument similar to the one Plato employed against the Sophists: how can those who deny the possibility

Vocabulary

Adjectives and Prepositions

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Phrasal Verbs

• Look out: Be careful (anar amb compte)
• Look for: Search
• Look after: Take care of (tenir cura de)
• Look up to: Admire (admirar)
• Look out: Be careful (anar amb compte)
• Look forward to: Anticipate with pleasure (esperar amb il·lusió)
• Work out: Exercise or solve a problem
• Catch on: Become popular or successful (posar-se de moda / tenir èxit)
• Go up: Increase
• Stay out: Remain outside
• Break into: Enter by force (introduir-se a)
• Look over: Review (revisar)
• Turn down: Reject or lower volume
• Put off: Postpone
• Give up: Quit or renounce (deixar / renunciar a)
• Take up: Start a new hobby or activity

Common Noun Suffixes

Appointment, appearance, conversation, curiosity, membership, waiter, darkness,... Continue reading "Comprehensive English Language Learning Notes" »