Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Baccalaureate

Write C++/Java program to draw 3-D cube and perform following transformations on it using OpenGL.

Scaling

#include // Include the GLUT header file

void display (void) {

glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // Clear the background of our window to blue

glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); // Clear the colour buffer (more buffers later on)

glLoadIdentity(); // Load the Identity Matrix to reset our drawing locations

glTranslatef(0.3f, 0.3f,-6.0f); // Push everything 5 units back into the scene, otherwise we won't see the primitive

//glScalef(0.5f, 1.0f, 2.0f); // Make the shape half as wide, the same height and twice as deep

glutWireCube(2.0f); // Render the primitive

glLoadIdentity(); // Load the Identity Matrix to reset our drawing locations

glTranslatef(0.0f,... Continue reading "3-D Cube Transformations in OpenGL" »

The Statute of Autonomy of the Basque Country (1979)

Type

Primary source

Legal Status

Law

Content

Political text

Author

Collective (representatives of the pre-autonomous Basque General Council)

Status

Drafted by PNV, PSOE, and others + approved by Corts + sanctioned by King (Juan Carlos I) + signed by President of Government (Adolfo Suárez)

Addressee

Law → all citizens of EH →public text

Objective

Be one of the fundamental laws of EH, culminating the process that Basque people desire = self-government as enshrined in Spanish Constitution of 1978 + on the basis of 36 statutes abrogated during Fascism.

Location and Date

Royal Palace, Madrid, 18 December 1979

Context

In the period of the Spanish Transition, after Franco's death in 1975, that was a period of... Continue reading "The Basque Statute of Autonomy of 1979" »

1. Introduction

• Type of Text: Primary source. A manifest; a historical and political text.

• Author: Collective (Basque political and trade union organizations in exile in France: PCE, PNV, UGT, Izquierda Republicana, ANV, Euskadi Mendigozale Batza, PSOE, ELA, Republicans, CNT).

• Addressee: Primarily all citizens of the Basque Country, and indirectly the Franco Regime. A public text.

• Objective: To reaffirm allegiance to the Republic, support the Basque Government in exile, oppose the dictatorship, and prevent the restoration of the monarchy.

• Location and Date: Published in Bayonne (France) on March 31, 1945, during early Francoism, while the Basque Government was in exile in France, a period of repression and hope for restoring the Republic in Spain

Capable

• The camel can go for long periods without water.
• The camel is capable of going for long periods without water.

Succeed

• Management failed to convince the workers to end their strike.
• Management didn’t succeed in convincing the workers to end their strike.

Unable

• Although he can’t play any instruments, Steve wants to form a rock band.
• Despite being unable to play any instruments, Steve wants to form a rock band.

Able

• It’s a pity I couldn’t go to the concert with Leslie.
• I wish I had been able to go to the concert with Leslie.

Incapable

• He just cannot seem to get to meetings on time.
• He seems completely incapable of turning up to meetings on time.

Manage

• I’m afraid I wasn’t able to buy the brand of dog food you asked for.
• I’m afraid I didn’t

1. Saussure's Langue and Barthes's Myth

Langue

Saussure's concept of langue refers to the underlying system of rules and conventions that govern a language. It's the internal structure, understood by a social group, that allows for communication. While rarely consciously considered in daily life, langue provides the framework for linguistic expression.

Myth

Barthes's concept of myth builds upon Saussure's work. He argues that signs don't inherently possess meaning; meaning is arbitrary and culturally constructed. Myths are created through connotations attached to objects, making these associations feel natural. Advertisements often leverage myths to enhance product appeal.

Example of Myth in Advertising

A recent car commercial depicts a rugged,... Continue reading "Semiotics, Masculinity, and Verisimilitude in Media" »

2017 Exam A (Ek)

Analysis of Animal Welfare and Conservation

Argument 1: People experience guilt when observing animals in captivity due to perceived unhappiness caused by their living conditions.

Argument 2: Instead of visiting zoos, children could learn about wildlife through alternative educational resources like natural history museums and documentaries.

Argument 3: The conservation perspective posits that zoos offer better safety and protection for endangered species compared to their natural habitats.

Argument 4: Protecting natural habitats is crucial for ensuring the continued survival of animals in the wild.

Vocabulary

• Jungle
• Lonely
• Endangered
• Forbid

2017 Exam B (Ek)

Analysis of a Hypothetical Zombie Apocalypse

Argument 1: A zombie apocalypse... Continue reading "Analysis of Texts from 2017 Exams" »

English Travel Vocabulary & Grammar Essentials

Travel Vocabulary: English to Spanish

Campsite:

campamento

Cruise:

crucero

Package Holiday:

paquete turístico

Round-the-World Trip:

viaje de ida y vuelta

Countryside:

campo

Sightseers:

excursionistas

Seaside Resort:

centro turístico costero

Campers:

campista

Youth Hostel:

albergue juvenil

City Centre:

centro

Holidaymakers:

turista

Check-in:

registrarse

Boarding Card:

tarjeta de embarque

Queues:

fila/cola

Essential Travel Verbs

• Hitchhike: request a lift from passing vehicles
• Get On: board (a vehicle)
• Get Off: disembark (from a vehicle)
• Set Off: leave; begin a journey
• Book: reserve
• Hire: rent

Common English Compound Nouns

• Travel Agent
• Travel Sickness
• Travel Guide
• Guideline
• Airfare
• Airline
• Exchange Rate
• Exchange Trip

Mastering Reported

• The closing years of Franco's rule were marked by violence and unrest.

• Conflict arose between those advocating for reforms and liberalization of the regime, and those with a “bunker” mentality who staunchly resisted any changes.
• An economic recession in the late 1960s, coupled with labor agitation, strikes, and rebellion in universities, prompted Franco to proclaim a state of exception in March 1969.

• The remaining years of Franco's rule saw periods of intensified opposition, to which the government responded with harshly repressive measures.

• The most virulent opposition to the Franco regime came from the revolutionary Basque nationalist group, ETA. They employed terrorist tactics and assassinations. ETA's most significant act was the assassination

Franco's Dictatorship: Consolidation and Crisis (1959-1969)

1st Stage: The Stabilization Plan

1. Economic Changes
   • Importance of the Stabilization Plan of 1959, proposed by technocrats in government and new members of Opus Dei that assumed important posts in Franco's cabinet. Opus Dei aspired to economic integration in Europe, but Spain would be exposed to democratic influences.
   • Measures proposed by these technocrats:
     • Curb inflation, reduce government control of the economy, bring Spanish economic procedures in line with European standards. Spain's industrial production and standard of living increased.
   • Effects:
     • Foreign investment, attracted by low production costs, launched a process of industrialization, not only in Catalonia and the Basque Country,