Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Arts and Humanities

What is Nonverbal Communication?

Nonverbal communication refers to the transmission of messages or information without using words. It involves various intentional and unintentional nonverbal cues to convey meaning in interpersonal interactions. Nonverbal communication significantly impacts how messages are interpreted and is a powerful aspect of human communication. It encompasses a wide range of elements, such as:

Facial Expressions

Facial gestures and expressions convey emotions and attitudes. Smiles, frowns, raised eyebrows, and other facial movements contribute to the nonverbal aspect of communication.

Gestures

Hand movements, body language, and other physical gestures can complement or substitute verbal messages. For example, waving, pointing,... Continue reading "Understanding Nonverbal Communication: A Comprehensive Guide" »

Voice Onset Time (VOT)

The moment in which voicing starts, relative to the release of a closure. We can find three types of VOT: voice lead, short lag VOT, and long lag VOT. Phonetically voiced and voiceless sounds are determined by VOT.

Prefortis Clipping

A fortis (voiceless) sound following in the same syllable causes the following vowel to be shorter than it would be in another environment.

Connected Speech Assimilation

A type of adjustment in connected speech during which a given sound (the assimilating sound) takes on the characteristics of a neighboring sound (the conditioning sound). Types: partial or complete, adjacent or non-adjacent, progressive or regressive.

• Regressive: The assimilated sound precedes and is affected by the conditioning

The Alliterative Revival

In Middle English poetry, alliterative verse experienced a resurgence known as the Alliterative Revival. While rhyme played a significant role in other forms, alliteration was the primary structural element in this movement.

William Langland and Piers Plowman

William Langland, believed to have been born in the West Midlands, was a prominent figure in the Alliterative Revival. His most famous work, Piers Plowman, offers potential autobiographical insights and suggests familiarity with London. Scholars speculate that he may have been a cleric of a lower class.

Piers Plowman: A Dream Vision

Piers Plowman is a verse allegory presented as a dream vision, a popular literary device in the Middle Ages used to convey truths or real... Continue reading "The Alliterative Revival and Estate Satire in Middle English Literature" »

Event Props: 3D, 2D, Built & Sculpted

3D Props: Constructed or Sculpted

3D props are either constructed or sculpted.

Tall columns can be constructed from seamless paper tubing. Doors, frames, pediments, pedestals, planters, and other items are available, depending on budget and local prop rental warehouses.

Advantages: Self-standing, usually easy to install.

Disadvantages: Expensive and bulky to handle, transport, and ship.

2D Props: Flats and Cutouts

2D props are rectangular two-dimensional props that are scenically or decoratively painted or covered with decorative fabric. A standard 2D prop is the cutout profile piece, which can consist of representational artwork that is “cut out” along its outline.

Numerous decorative 2D hard props are... Continue reading "Props for Events: 3D, 2D, Built & Sculpted - A Practical Guide" »

Scripted and Unscripted TV Programmes

Scripted programmes: dramas, situation comedies, comedy shows, soap operas, documentaries, etc.

Unscripted programmes: talk shows, game shows, reality shows, news, sport and current affairs, etc., and may be either live or recorded.

Basic Camera Shot Types

• The Rule of Thirds: Dividing the frame into 9 equal sections to make the picture more appealing to the eye. It might be better used as a guideline.
• Extreme Wide Shots (EWS): Act to establish the area.
• Wide Shots (WS): Show the entire person or area. They are great for establishing the scene and allow for good action of the characters. Sometimes this is known as the long shot.
• Medium Shots (MS): Frame the subject from the waist up. This is the most common shot

Types of News

• International
• National
• Regional
• Local
• Personal

Four Things to Describe a Photo

• Place
• Time
• Event
• Circumstances/Background

Standard and Non-Standard Questions

Standard: Questions that you can ask everyone.

Non-standard: Questions that are specific to some people.

Types of Photos and Definitions

• Snaps: When a person takes a photo of another.
• Selfies: When you take a photo of yourself.
• Re-touch: Photoshop.
• Collage: Many photos in a single photo.
• Blow-up: Enlarge the photo.
• Profile Picture: A photo representing a person in a digital profile.
• Shots: Photos.
• Shooting: The act of taking photos.

How to Take Good Photos

1. Shoot level with your subject.
2. Keep your subject away from complicated, detailed, and distracting backgrounds.
3. Don’t be afraid to move in close.

1.In the History of the humankind  there were many Diferent great people around the world who influenced and changed our life by thinking Different, Da Vinci is one of the most important and famous people of the Humankind…

2.Leonardo Da vinci was Born on April 15 ( fiften) in 1552 ( in fiften fifty two ) in vinci .

     He Died in may 2 in 1519 (  in France Amboise , Le Clos Luce    Castle.

     His Father was ser Piero and his mother was Caterina.

3.Working in All áreas of knowleadge and art, it everywhere was original and great; and not His fault if his merits in the field of a science and philosophy were stimated Too late…

Renaissance Art: Masters and Styles

Italian Renaissance

Sculpture

• Donatello: Revived the classical Greco-Roman style of sculpture that was realistic and could be viewed from all sides. Donatello's David was the first free-standing human sculpture in this period.
• Michelangelo: Painter, sculptor, architect, and poet. Characteristics: Realism, details of the human body, expression, emotion. His works: Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel with biblical images of amazing detail, beauty, and power. Creation of Man, Pieta was his most important sculpture.
• Leonardo da Vinci: Painter and sculptor. Characteristics: Incredible realism, emotion, depth, details, expression. His works: The Last Supper shows Jesus' last meeting with the 12 apostles before the crucifixion.

Many people agree that Messi, the historic soccer player, is the best player in the world. Throughout his career, he has been an idol for many people because of his incredible plays and amazing goals.

Early Life and Career Beginnings

Messi was born on June 24, 1987, in the city of Rosario, Argentina. Possessing exceptional technical ability and exceptional speed, since he arrived at F.C. Barcelona at the age of 13, he made an accelerated career through the different categories up to the first team, in which he made his debut at just 16 years old.

Impact Under Pep Guardiola

But his real impact came with the arrival of Pep Guardiola on the Barça bench. During the four seasons in which the coach led the team, his goalscoring statistics reached very... Continue reading "Lionel Messi: The Legacy of a Football Legend" »