Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Arts and Humanities

Description: Definition and Types

Description is a form of discourse used to present objects, people, places, and feelings, identifying specific details as much as possible. It is customary to distinguish between objective description (of practical interest) and subjective description (in which the author tries to demonstrate their point of view or opinion).

Structure and Phases of Descriptive Texts

Descriptive texts often use a deductive structure, displaying information from the general to the specific details, data, or characteristics. The process typically involves:

• Observation
• Selection
• Organization
• Expression

Linguistic Features of Description

• Nouns and Adjectives: Descriptive texts focus on things and their properties or characteristics.
• Verb

Scientific Texts: Language and Characteristics

Scientific texts, including scientific writings and technical documents, aim to convey information about research, conclusions, or discoveries. They are characterized by two essential features:

• Universality: Science seeks to disseminate knowledge valid at all times and places. A discovery made in one location should apply everywhere. This necessitates the unification of scientific terminology and the creation of formal codes, avoiding ambiguities and ensuring objectivity.
• Objectivity: Facts and details are presented along with the circumstances in which they occur, without the author's personal assessment.

Grammatical Features

• Impersonal constructions
• Passive voice with auxiliary verbs
• Plural of modesty
• Noun

Areas of Community Social Work

Implementation and Development of Community Activity

In the field of implementation and development of community activity:

• Link to organizations and formal or informal leadership that exist within the community with the process of change.
• Train those involved, increasing their ability to act collectively and face challenges that are structural in nature and require community action to solve them.
• Establish a communication protocol that supports transparency of information, and disseminate the achievements and developments of the problems being addressed.
• Establish a gradual devolution of power in the community by promoting their self-organization and leadership development that allows for an increased role of the population.

Burgos Cathedral: Sarmental Door

The Sarmental door is a Gothic cover decorated with sculptures in high relief, attached with an exciting iconographic program. Made of stone, it presents a rich architectural framework. This cover is part of the south facade of the Burgos Cathedral. The surface texture is not visible, but all the sculptures face the viewer, displaying a clear hierarchy. Although the facade may have been polychrome, no color remains are visible.

Chronologically, the Sarmental door dates between 1230 and 1240. Burgos Cathedral is one of the Iberian Peninsula's cathedrals with undeniable French influence. Despite having a single nave, the beauty of the south transept facade is remarkable. The door contains the oldest Gothic sculpture... Continue reading "Burgos Cathedral: Sarmental Door, Gothic Sculpture & Iconography" »

European Landscape Architecture: Culture and Design

The European School of landscape architecture, encompassing traditions like the Italian Renaissance, the French Baroque, and English quaintness, understands that landscape is composed not only of water, soil, and animals but also of the viewer's imagination.

The Landscape as a Cultural Construct

The landscape is fundamentally a cultural construct. To define and discuss landscape, several prior conditions must be met:

• Narratives: The existence of stories and myths where nature appears, providing a cultural framework for description.
• Terminology: The presence of a specific word to describe it, acknowledging that landscape is perceived through the lens of humanity.
• Representations: Supporting visual

Early 20th Century Spanish Theater Triumphs

98.el commercial theater triumphs in earlier decades. It still makes the works of Charles Arniches and Hnos. Álvarez Quintero, Madrid society idealized and Andalusian, proto defects reflect the strengths and typical of both regions.

Jacinto Benavente (Nobel Prize 1922)

His first stage involved the renovation break with the modernist tradition melodramatic, but soon gives way to success and high comedy. He manages to overcome the declamatory, grandiloquent tone with elegant language. In his work, vested interests introduce characters from Italian comedy and show a society based on a set of interests.

Miguel de Unamuno

His plays deal with symbolic existential conflict and lack of ornamentation and theatrical... Continue reading "Spanish Theater: Benavente, Unamuno, Azorín, Grau, Valle-Inclán" »

The Contemporary Spanish Novel

The Turn of the 20th Century: Historical and Cultural Context

Between 1890 and 1914, the Western world witnessed a series of profound social and cultural *changes*. This period was marked by a *crisis of the fin de siècle*, characterized by:

• Major technical and scientific progress: the first car, the invention of cinema, and more.
• Rapid industrial and urban growth.
• A *crisis of positivism and rationalism*: Humanity began to doubt that science and human reason alone sufficed to explain and understand the world.

Large *scientific or moral truths*, which had provided a sense of theoretical immovability and security, began to be questioned. As a result, *irrationalist and vitalist theories* emerged, attempting to explain... Continue reading "Spanish Contemporary Novel: 20th Century Literary Shifts" »

Understanding Visual Perception

Visual perception is the process by which an individual transforms and interprets sensory information to understand the surrounding world.

The Principle of Equilibrium

Equilibrium is a state in visual composition where elements are balanced, creating a sense of stability and rest.

Symmetry in Design

Symmetry is a type of visual equilibrium achieved through the balanced distribution of elements in a visual field. There are three main types:

• Bilateral Symmetry: The arrangement of elements is the same on both sides of an imaginary central axis.
• Radial Symmetry: Elements are arranged around a central point, which can be visible or hidden.
• Relative Symmetry (Asymmetry): Elements are arranged on both sides of an axis but are

Lesson 4 - The Press

The press pursues two main objectives: to objectively inform about current events and other information, and to interpret. There are two types:

• Informative: Its purpose is to inform about related events.
• Interpretive: Analyzes facts and values them according to different viewpoints.

Types of Structure

• Inverted Pyramid Structure: Information follows the order of relevance.
• Narrative Structure: Presents the chronological order of events.
• Dialogue Structure: The text is organized based on the speaker.

The News: Six Basic Questions

Who, what, where, when, why, and how.

The Interview

A dialogue between a character and a prestigious journalist or current figure. There are two types:

• Personality Interview: Aims to delve into the personality