Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Arts and Humanities

Journalism and Media Definitions

1. What is the definition of journalism?

Journalism is the activity of gathering, assessing, and presenting news and information.

2. What is a magazine?

A magazine is a periodical publication containing articles and illustrations, typically covering a particular subject or area of interest.

Essay Writing Fundamentals

3. Which are the four types of essay?

• Narrative essay
• Descriptive essay
• Expository essay
• Persuasive essay

4. What is a hook?

Also known as attention gathering, it is the 1^st or 2^nd sentence of your introduction paragraph. It serves as an introduction and works to grab the reader's attention.

5. Mention the types of hooks

• Rhetorical question
• Shocking statistics
• Anecdote
• Inspectional quests

6. What is a brainstorm?

Classical Realism: Foundations of IR Theory

Classical Realism is the oldest research programme in International Relations (IR). It is rooted in a positivist ontology, viewing IR as an objective, measurable field that utilizes a scientific approach to social science. This framework encompasses Classical, Neo- or Structural, Offensive, Defensive, and Neoclassical Realism.

Core Theoretical Assumptions

• Scientific Verifiability: IR is analytically and empirically measurable through human observation.
• Founding Figures: Thucydides, Machiavelli, Hobbes, and Clausewitz.
• Power Politics: Politics is defined as a struggle for power for one-party advantage.
• The Realist Motto: "The aim justifies the means" (Machiavelli).
• Anarchy: The international system lacks

English Irregular Verbs Conjugation Table

This table provides a list of common English irregular verbs, including their Spanish translation, simple past, and past participle forms.

Essential English Idioms and Phrases

• A tiempo: If you are on time, you are not late.
• Al instante: I completed the project in no time at all.
• Hacer pasar mal a alguien: She left the company because her boss was giving her a really hard time.
• No hay tiempo que perder: He could be here any second, so there is no time to lose.
• Cuestión de tiempo: Your paintings are incredible. It is only a matter of time before you become famous.
• No tiene límites: He is already a special talent. If he continues, then the sky is the limit now.
• Raramente: My dad is working in Scotland and he visits home once in a blue moon, every couple of years.
• Dejar de soñar: I know you want to become a famous footballer, but don't chase rainbows; you are not good enough.
• Salario bajo:

Changes in English Personal Pronouns

The system of personal pronouns in English has undergone significant changes from the Modern English period to the present day. These shifts reflect phonological developments, social conventions, and the standardization of the language.

First-Person Singular: 'I' and 'My'/'Mine'

The first-person singular pronoun is now consistently capitalized as 'I'. The exact reason for this capitalization is unknown, but it has been a standard feature since its early appearances. A notable change occurred with the possessive forms my and mine.

Historically, my and thy were used before words starting with a consonant, while mine and thine were used before vowels. Over time, confusion arose from this phonological distinction,... Continue reading "The Evolution of English Personal Pronouns" »

Be an Online Brand

To be an online brand, you need to:

• Be visible
• Manage your reputation
• Have a communication strategy
• Develop community

Evolution of Company Focus

Before vs. Now:

• Analysis: Before - Limited tools; Now - Online tools for comprehensive analysis
• Marketing: Before - Product/Service focus; Now - Focus on communication
• Advertising: Before - Creating Ads; Now - Creating content marketing

Characteristics of Online Media

• Addressability (Segmentation): Identify customers before they buy
• Interactivity: Customers' ability to express their needs to the brand
• Accessibility: Obtain digital information easily
• Connectivity: Customers' ability to connect with the brand and other customers
• Control: Customers' ability to regulate the information they view and

Los Angeles: The Heart of Southern California

Now let’s move forward to talk about Los Angeles. Los Angeles, commonly known as L.A., is one of the most significant cities in the United States. As the largest and most popular city in California, it is strategically located in the southern part of the state. [Insert map here to visualize its location]

A Brief History of Los Angeles

The city was founded in 1781 by the Mexican governor Felipe de Neve. Originally, under Mexican rule, it was named “El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles del Río de Porciúncula.” Following its transition to a North American territory in 1848, the name was shortened to Los Angeles. Today, the city is a global powerhouse in business, technology, fashion,... Continue reading "Los Angeles and Hollywood: A Complete Travel Destination" »

Title: Unveiling the Splendors of Ancient Egypt

A Journey Through Time

As an avid enthusiast of history, I recently had the privilege of immersing myself in the captivating exhibition, "Unveiling the Splendors of Ancient Egypt: A Journey Through Time," hosted by the prestigious Metropolitan Museum of Art. Stepping into the dimly lit halls adorned with towering hieroglyph-covered walls, I was instantly transported back to the enigmatic world of ancient Egypt.

A Curated Glimpse into a Remarkable Civilization

The exhibition offered a mesmerizing array of artifacts meticulously curated to provide a comprehensive glimpse into the daily lives, religious practices, and artistic achievements of this remarkable civilization. From intricately carved sarcophagi... Continue reading "Ancient Egypt Exhibition: A Journey Through Time" »

Cinematography in The Truman Show

In addition to camera angles which are intended to be a part of the story itself, traditional cinematography is used to develop the plot and characters through angles and various techniques.

Overhead Shots and Control

Overhead shots are utilized to present the idea that Truman functions according to the whims of an omnipotent “puppet master”. The overhead shot casts Truman in a light which highlights his unwitting subservience to the powers that be.

Tracking Shots and Obstacles

Tracking shots are used in one scene where Truman sees his father, who he had long presumed to be dead. The tracking shot follows Truman as he chases after his father who is whisked away by various stage hands, all while Truman is being... Continue reading "Cinematography and Themes in The Truman Show" »

International Public Relations

Good PR

• Is a multitasker
• Acts as a salesperson
• Is diplomatic
• Never says no or yes definitively

Good Diplomacy

• Requires knowledge of languages
• Involves active listening
• Is characterized by professionalism and reactivity
• Respects cultural protocols

Three System Values

• Western
• Eastern
• Muslim

Different Kinetics and Paralinguistics

• Kinetics: Study of movement (non-verbal communication)
• Paralinguistics: Study of sounds (tones, volume, intensity)

PR in Markets

• Laswell's Model: Who/What/How/Whom/Which Effect

Empathy vs. Sympathy

• Empathy: Understanding and feeling another's feelings
• Sympathy: Having compassion but not necessarily feeling it, can be related to cause and point of view

Attitude vs. Aptitude

• Attitude: Skills that can be taught, not