Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Arts and Humanities

Student’s Book Vocabulary

Page 29: Musical Idioms

• Face the music: Accept criticism or punishment for something you did.
• Blow your own trumpet: Talk about your achievements.

Page 30: Key Terms

• Struggle (line 10): Fight.
• Midst (line 11): Middle.
• Conductor (line 16): Person who leads the musicians in an orchestra.
• Fulfil (line 18): Achieve or get (a dream).
• Manage (line 21): Succeed in doing something.
• Procure (line 22): Obtain.
• Give up (line 27): Abandon or leave.
• Point out: Draw somebody’s attention to show or indicate something.
• Make a point: Consider something as indispensable.
• There’s no point: There is no reason for something.
• Get the point: Understand the intention.
• What’s the point?: Asking for the use or purpose of something.

Page 31: Vocabulary

Context and Intended Audience

This cartoon, created by award-winning Australian political cartoonist Andrew Marlton, was published shortly after NASA's discovery of water on Mars. The intended audience is primarily individuals aged 15-35. The cartoon presents a complex and serious topic humorously, making it engaging for a younger audience who may prefer learning through humor rather than a purely factual article.

Cartoon Description and Analysis

Initial Panel: Dogs and Mars

The cartoon is presented as a comic strip, employing exaggeration and whimsical characters, such as dogs, to address a serious issue. It begins with a headline announcing the discovery of water on Mars. Below, two dogs are depicted observing Mars, which is illustrated with... Continue reading "Mars Water Discovery: A Humorous Cartoon Analysis" »

English Irregular Verbs Conjugation Table

This table provides a list of common English irregular verbs, including their Spanish translation, simple past, and past participle forms.

Essential English Idioms and Phrases

• A tiempo: If you are on time, you are not late.
• Al instante: I completed the project in no time at all.
• Hacer pasar mal a alguien: She left the company because her boss was giving her a really hard time.
• No hay tiempo que perder: He could be here any second, so there is no time to lose.
• Cuestión de tiempo: Your paintings are incredible. It is only a matter of time before you become famous.
• No tiene límites: He is already a special talent. If he continues, then the sky is the limit now.
• Raramente: My dad is working in Scotland and he visits home once in a blue moon, every couple of years.
• Dejar de soñar: I know you want to become a famous footballer, but don't chase rainbows; you are not good enough.
• Salario bajo:

Changes in English Personal Pronouns

The system of personal pronouns in English has undergone significant changes from the Modern English period to the present day. These shifts reflect phonological developments, social conventions, and the standardization of the language.

First-Person Singular: 'I' and 'My'/'Mine'

The first-person singular pronoun is now consistently capitalized as 'I'. The exact reason for this capitalization is unknown, but it has been a standard feature since its early appearances. A notable change occurred with the possessive forms my and mine.

Historically, my and thy were used before words starting with a consonant, while mine and thine were used before vowels. Over time, confusion arose from this phonological distinction,... Continue reading "The Evolution of English Personal Pronouns" »

Be an Online Brand

To be an online brand, you need to:

• Be visible
• Manage your reputation
• Have a communication strategy
• Develop community

Evolution of Company Focus

Before vs. Now:

• Analysis: Before - Limited tools; Now - Online tools for comprehensive analysis
• Marketing: Before - Product/Service focus; Now - Focus on communication
• Advertising: Before - Creating Ads; Now - Creating content marketing

Characteristics of Online Media

• Addressability (Segmentation): Identify customers before they buy
• Interactivity: Customers' ability to express their needs to the brand
• Accessibility: Obtain digital information easily
• Connectivity: Customers' ability to connect with the brand and other customers
• Control: Customers' ability to regulate the information they view and

Los Angeles: The Heart of Southern California

Now let’s move forward to talk about Los Angeles. Los Angeles, commonly known as L.A., is one of the most significant cities in the United States. As the largest and most popular city in California, it is strategically located in the southern part of the state. [Insert map here to visualize its location]

A Brief History of Los Angeles

The city was founded in 1781 by the Mexican governor Felipe de Neve. Originally, under Mexican rule, it was named “El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles del Río de Porciúncula.” Following its transition to a North American territory in 1848, the name was shortened to Los Angeles. Today, the city is a global powerhouse in business, technology, fashion,... Continue reading "Los Angeles and Hollywood: A Complete Travel Destination" »

Cinematography in The Truman Show

In addition to camera angles which are intended to be a part of the story itself, traditional cinematography is used to develop the plot and characters through angles and various techniques.

Overhead Shots and Control

Overhead shots are utilized to present the idea that Truman functions according to the whims of an omnipotent “puppet master”. The overhead shot casts Truman in a light which highlights his unwitting subservience to the powers that be.

Tracking Shots and Obstacles

Tracking shots are used in one scene where Truman sees his father, who he had long presumed to be dead. The tracking shot follows Truman as he chases after his father who is whisked away by various stage hands, all while Truman is being... Continue reading "Cinematography and Themes in The Truman Show" »

International Public Relations

Good PR

• Is a multitasker
• Acts as a salesperson
• Is diplomatic
• Never says no or yes definitively

Good Diplomacy

• Requires knowledge of languages
• Involves active listening
• Is characterized by professionalism and reactivity
• Respects cultural protocols

Three System Values

• Western
• Eastern
• Muslim

Different Kinetics and Paralinguistics

• Kinetics: Study of movement (non-verbal communication)
• Paralinguistics: Study of sounds (tones, volume, intensity)

PR in Markets

• Laswell's Model: Who/What/How/Whom/Which Effect

Empathy vs. Sympathy

• Empathy: Understanding and feeling another's feelings
• Sympathy: Having compassion but not necessarily feeling it, can be related to cause and point of view

Attitude vs. Aptitude

• Attitude: Skills that can be taught, not