Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Arts and Humanities

Renaissance Painting and Sculpture

• Painting and sculpture reflected humanism; landscapes, cities, the human body, and portraits were realistically represented. New pictorial techniques emerged, such as perspective and oil paints.

New Artistic Interests

The new interests of society were reflected in the characteristics of the style:

• Idealism and Serenity: Artists sought to reflect reality, influenced by the ideas of the Greek philosopher Plato. They aimed to portray an ideal beauty, often devoid of overt emotions. This idealism can be seen in works by Botticelli, Raphael Sanzio, and Leonardo da Vinci. In contrast, Michelangelo often portrayed intense emotions in his works.

• The Human Body: There was a renewed focus on the anatomy of the human body.

Interviewer: Welcome to Job Talk. We're talking to Jim Harris, who works on animated films. Thanks for joining us, Jim. So, what do you do, exactly?

Jim: I'm a film editor. I'm the person who puts the animated movie together.

Animated vs. Live-Action Films

Interviewer: How is an animated film different from a regular movie?

Jim: Well, actually, they're very similar.

The Animation Production Process

Interviewer: Take us through the process.

Jim: Well, first, just like in a regular film, a script is written. You have to start with a good script.

Interviewer: Of course, and it has to be funny.

Jim: Exactly. Then a director is hired.

The Director's Role in Animation

Interviewer: Now, what does the director of animated films do? Direct the drawings?

Jim: Ha!... Continue reading "Animated Film Production: An Interview with Jim Harris" »

Humanism: A New Worldview

Humanism was an intellectual movement characterized by its admiration for the Classical Age. Human beings were considered the center of the universe, rejecting medieval theocentrism. Key humanists included Erasmus of Rotterdam and Thomas More.

Reformation and Counter-Reformation

The Reformation took place in Europe in the 16th century, profoundly impacting religious and political landscapes.

The Protestant Reformation

Initiated by the German monk Martin Luther, the Protestant Reformation rejected the Pope's authority and criticized corruption within the Church. Luther argued that salvation was achieved through faith in Christ alone and proclaimed only two sacraments: Baptism and Eucharist. Other significant Protestant movements... Continue reading "Humanism, Reformation, and Renaissance: Shaping Early Modern Europe" »

The Dark Romantics Movement

For the Dark Romantics, reality is often impenetrable and cannot be fully known. They held a pessimistic worldview where:

• Nature possesses sinister, violent overtones.
• Humans cannot be fundamentally improved.

Figures like Thorne and Melville often evolved towards alienation and detachment from society. Their works are realistic, offering a broad picture of society, and they analyze the present rather than focusing on the past.

Herman Melville's Style and Contributions

Herman Melville utilized rhythmic-poetic prose, often employing dramatic monologues. For him, the systematic and the complete were inherently false. Elements, characters, most of his settings, and situations are intensely developed and elaborated upon, even... Continue reading "Dark Romantics, Women's Fiction, and Psychological Literature" »

Types of News

• International
• National
• Regional
• Local
• Personal

Four Things to Describe a Photo

• Place
• Time
• Event
• Circumstances/Background

Standard and Non-Standard Questions

Standard: Questions that you can ask everyone.

Non-standard: Questions that are specific to some people.

Types of Photos and Definitions

• Snaps: When a person takes a photo of another.
• Selfies: When you take a photo of yourself.
• Re-touch: Photoshop.
• Collage: Many photos in a single photo.
• Blow-up: Enlarge the photo.
• Profile Picture: A photo representing a person in a digital profile.
• Shots: Photos.
• Shooting: The act of taking photos.

How to Take Good Photos

1. Shoot level with your subject.
2. Keep your subject away from complicated, detailed, and distracting backgrounds.
3. Don’t be afraid to move in close.

Renaissance Art: Masters and Styles

Italian Renaissance

Sculpture

• Donatello: Revived the classical Greco-Roman style of sculpture that was realistic and could be viewed from all sides. Donatello's David was the first free-standing human sculpture in this period.
• Michelangelo: Painter, sculptor, architect, and poet. Characteristics: Realism, details of the human body, expression, emotion. His works: Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel with biblical images of amazing detail, beauty, and power. Creation of Man, Pieta was his most important sculpture.
• Leonardo da Vinci: Painter and sculptor. Characteristics: Incredible realism, emotion, depth, details, expression. His works: The Last Supper shows Jesus' last meeting with the 12 apostles before the crucifixion.

New Product Branding & Brand Extensions

New products are often vital to the long-term success of a firm. When a firm introduces a new product, it has three choices for branding it:

1. Develop a new brand, individually chosen for the new product.
2. Apply one of its existing brands.
3. Use a combination of a new brand and an existing brand.

Understanding Brand Extensions

A brand extension occurs when a firm uses an established brand name to introduce a new product. When a new brand is combined with an existing brand, the brand extension can also be a sub-brand. An existing brand that gives birth to a brand extension is known as the parent brand.

If the parent brand is already associated with multiple products through brand extensions, it may also be called... Continue reading "Strategic Brand Extension: Growth & Profitability" »

Many people agree that Messi, the historic soccer player, is the best player in the world. Throughout his career, he has been an idol for many people because of his incredible plays and amazing goals.

Early Life and Career Beginnings

Messi was born on June 24, 1987, in the city of Rosario, Argentina. Possessing exceptional technical ability and exceptional speed, since he arrived at F.C. Barcelona at the age of 13, he made an accelerated career through the different categories up to the first team, in which he made his debut at just 16 years old.

Impact Under Pep Guardiola

But his real impact came with the arrival of Pep Guardiola on the Barça bench. During the four seasons in which the coach led the team, his goalscoring statistics reached very... Continue reading "Lionel Messi: The Legacy of a Football Legend" »

Branding Definition

A brand is a name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a combination of these, used to identify the goods and services of a seller and to differentiate them from competitors. Consumers can easily recognize the brand and its values. Branding serves to identify products and distinguish them. A brand personality is a set of human characteristics associated with a brand name.

Functions of Brand Names

• Create an image and identification for a product
• Make it easy to distinguish products
• Help create effective promotion and advertising
• Guarantee a certain level of quality, quantity, and satisfaction

Benefits of Branding

This encourages repeat purchases through brand loyalty. Branding also helps businesses create product differentiation. Businesses... Continue reading "Branding Fundamentals and Decisions" »

Blake's Songs of Innocence and Experience

Infant Joy

This poem, from Songs of Innocence, is about a mother who has just given birth. Blake uses simple and direct language (despite some archaisms) to create an atmosphere of childlike simplicity. Through this simplicity, the poet conveys the intimacy between the two main poetic voices: the mother and child. An alternative interpretation suggests the dialogue is between the child and a poetic persona, rather than the mother.

The child remains nameless, serving as an embodiment of childhood itself. More importantly, names were traditionally given to introduce children into society. By having no name, the child represents pure innocence, as the Romantics often associated society with corruption. A... Continue reading "Symbolism and Themes in English Literature: Blake to Joyce" »