Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Arts and Humanities

Este compendio presenta una colección organizada de prefijos, palabras raíces y sufijos, tanto en español como en inglés, incluyendo ejemplos de terminología general y médica.

Componentes Morfológicos en Español

10 Ejemplos de Prefijos Comunes

• Pre-: Significa "antes". Ejemplo: prever (pre- + ver).
• In-: Significa "no" o "dentro". Ejemplo: incapaz (in- + capaz).
• Re-: Significa "repetición" o "intensificación". Ejemplo: rehacer (re- + hacer).
• Sub-: Significa "debajo" o "inferior". Ejemplo: subterráneo (sub- + terráneo).
• Extra-: Significa "fuera de" o "adicional". Ejemplo: extraordinario (extra- + ordinario).
• Des-: Significa "negación" o "separación". Ejemplo: deshacer (des- + hacer).
• Inter-: Significa "entre" o "en medio". Ejemplo: internacional

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The history of the English language is divided into three main eras:

1.Old English: This period began with the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons to Great Britain in the 5th century. The language was characterized by a complex grammar and a lexicon influenced by Germanic languages. A crucial event at this time was the Norman invasion in 1066, which began with the Battle of Hastings and led to a significant influence of French on the vocabulary and structure of English. One of the most important texts of this era is "Beowulf", a great epic poem that stands out for its literary richness and was written during a time of cultural splendor.

2. Middle English: During this period, the language underwent drastic changes due to the influence of Norman French.... Continue reading "inglés" »

Essential English Vocabulary

• Arranged marriage: Matrimonio concertado
• Be in tears / Be close to tears / Burst into tears: Estar llorando / A punto de llorar / Romper a llorar
• Bare: Vacío
• Beat: Latir
• Bland: Soso
• Boom: En auge
• Cattle: Ganado
• Council: Ayuntamiento
• Cheer: Aplaudir / Vitorear
• Cope: Afrontar
• Costume: Vestuario
• Crop: Cultivo / Cosecha
• Deserted: Vacío
• Deserve: Merecer
• Filling: Saciante
• Fool: Engañar, tomar el pelo
• Grate: Rallar
• Halfway (through/up/down): A la mitad de
• Harvest: Cultivar
• Head (for/towards): Dirigirse a/hacia
• Host: Anfitrión
• Inherit: Heredar
• Juicy: Jugoso
• Lighting: Iluminación
• Moving: Conmovedor
• Outstanding: Excepcional
• Out of place: Fuera de lugar
• Overdressed: Demasiado elegante
• Overrated: Sobrevalorado
• Posh: Elegante / De moda
• Raise: Criar animales
• Regret

English to Catalan Vocabulary

• face: afrontar
• weapon: arma
• ancient: antic
• prejudice: prejudici
• slavery: esclavitud
• worship: adorar, culte
• ancestors: avantpassat
• prayers: oració, pregària
• endangered: amenaçat
• fluent: que té fluidesa
• mother tongue: llengua materna
• determined: decidit
• major: principal, més important
• plenty: molt, molts
• widespread: estès, generalitzat
• switch: canviar
• roots: arrels, orígens
• heritage: patrimoni
• throughout: per tot, arreu de
• widely: molt
• rescues: rescatar
• sign: indici, senyal

Idioms and Expressions with "Way"

• all the way: totalment, tot el viatge
• went out of their way: fer un gran esforç
• either way: em va bé qualsevol cosa
• on the way out: remot, llunyà (remoto, lejano)
• pay their own way: independitzar-se, pagar-s'ho tot
• get out of the

American Symbols: Contrasting Views

The Statue of Liberty: A Unifying Symbol?

Most American citizens seem to share a common opinion of the Statue of Liberty. They think that it is a symbol of hope, faith, democracy, freedom, and equality, although the reality is sometimes different.

The American Flag: A Divisive Symbol?

On the other hand, Americans hold two distinct points of view regarding the American flag. Some believe that the stars and stripes represent unity and equality; these individuals may feel content with their lives in America. Others feel that the American flag does not live up to their expectations and are ashamed of it. These people might feel compelled to disrespect the flag, wanting to burn it or drag it through the mud. As a... Continue reading "American Symbols, the Dream, and Narrative Perspectives" »

Verb tenses and moods: The indicative use of this timeless, conditional (arguably...), and attenuated expressions (e.g., "we suggest..."). There is a solo verbal dominance of the third person to expose impersonality, as well as the use of the first person plural.

Adjectives and resources: Use of specified adjectives, descriptive and explanatory appositions, switches, and other resources.

Lexical-Semantic Characteristics

Scientific and technical texts are characterized by the use of specific terminology and the presence of semantic phenomena such as hyperonymy, hyponymy, synonymy, and antonymy. Technicalities are all expressions which are called own notions of an area of knowledge.

Types of Techniques

• By their origin: Words of ordinary language of

The Iceberg Model of Organizational Culture

The Iceberg Model of culture is a framework for measuring an organization's culture. This model helps assess the extent to which an organization's cultural values align with its objectives and resolve performance issues. While some aspects of culture are easily perceived from the outside—often referred to as surface culture—the foundation of a strong culture is usually embedded more deeply in the values and beliefs of the organization, known as deep culture.

• Surface Culture: Visible aspects such as the work environment, dress code, systems, policies, and processes.
• Deep Culture: Underlying elements including shared beliefs, attitudes toward authority, competence, and core assumptions.

The Lewis Model

SAMPLE ESSAY

There are many different kinds of advertising: on the radio, on television, in newspapers, in magazines, and on billboards. In your opinion, which one of these kinds of advertising is the most effective? Why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

All advertising media share a common goal: to reach as many consumers as possible and convince them to buy a certain product. They all employ similar strategies to achieve this objective, but some are more effective than others. In my opinion, television is the most effective because of several advantages it has over other advertising media.

For one thing, I believe television advertising has a greater power to engage its audience than print and radio media have. While... Continue reading "The Effectiveness of Television Advertising in Marketing" »

Vocabulary

1. AMBIGUITY: Doubtfulness or uncertainty as regards interpretation.
2. NEPOTISM: Giving jobs to relatives.
3. ETHNOCENTRIC: The belief in the inherent superiority of one's own culture.
4. INVEST: To put money, time, or feelings into something.
5. ENLIGHTENMENT: Clear thinking that is free from delusion.
6. COURTSHIP: Time when one person pursues the other for marriage.
7. DECLINE: To reduce or to say no.
8. UNPREDICTABLE: Something that behaves in unexpected ways.
9. BRANCH OUT: To expand or extend, as in business activities.
10. SECULARISM: The view that public education and other matters of civil policy should be conducted without religious elements.
11. BIAS: Inclination, prejudice, viewpoint.
12. CONTROVERSY: A prolonged public dispute, debate, or contention.
13. STEREOTYPE: Opinion