Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Arts and Humanities

... Continue reading "Film and TV: Connectors, Nominalization, and Modal Verbs" »

What is Nonverbal Communication?

Nonverbal communication refers to the transmission of messages or information without using words. It involves various intentional and unintentional nonverbal cues to convey meaning in interpersonal interactions. Nonverbal communication significantly impacts how messages are interpreted and is a powerful aspect of human communication. It encompasses a wide range of elements, such as:

Facial Expressions

Facial gestures and expressions convey emotions and attitudes. Smiles, frowns, raised eyebrows, and other facial movements contribute to the nonverbal aspect of communication.

Gestures

Hand movements, body language, and other physical gestures can complement or substitute verbal messages. For example, waving, pointing,... Continue reading "Understanding Nonverbal Communication: A Comprehensive Guide" »

Auditorium Lighting Positions (FOH)

Auditorium lighting positions typically include:

• Box Booms: Vertical pipes positioned adjacent to the proscenium.
• Balcony Rail: A lighting position located on the balcony.

All lighting fixtures situated within the auditorium are collectively referred to as FOH (Front of House) lighting.

Effectiveness of Stage Lighting

For optimal effectiveness, all objects appearing on stage need to be balanced, with the light focused on the "picture frame." This "picture frame" concept conveys a sense of feeling and deep meaning to the audience.

Most theaters typically feature permanently installed lighting positions (or pipes). Several of these positions are often created or installed above the audience for front-of-stage illumination,... Continue reading "Stage Lighting Essentials: Positions, Effectiveness, and Core Functions" »

Departamentos com Mais de Três Empregados

Encontre todos os departamentos que têm mais de três empregados:

select DEPARTMENT_ID, count(*)
from EMPLOYEES
group by DEPARTMENT_ID
having count(*) > 3;

Salário Mínimo por Gerente (MGR)

Liste o salário mais baixo entre os empregados de cada gerente (MGR). Exclua os grupos em que o salário mais baixo é inferior a 1000. Ordene o resultado pelo salário:

select MANAGER_ID, min(SALARY)
from EMPLOYEES
group by MANAGER_ID
having min(SALARY) >= 1000
order by min(SALARY);

Empregados e Nomes de Departamento (Ordenado)

Liste todos os empregados e respectivos nomes de departamento, por ordem do nome de departamento:

Solução Usando a Sintaxe Tradicional

select e.FIRST_NAME, e.DEPARTMENT_ID, d.DEPARTMENT_

... Continue reading "Consultas SQL Essenciais: Empregados e Departamentos" »

Voice Onset Time (VOT)

The moment in which voicing starts, relative to the release of a closure. We can find three types of VOT: voice lead, short lag VOT, and long lag VOT. Phonetically voiced and voiceless sounds are determined by VOT.

Prefortis Clipping

A fortis (voiceless) sound following in the same syllable causes the following vowel to be shorter than it would be in another environment.

Connected Speech Assimilation

A type of adjustment in connected speech during which a given sound (the assimilating sound) takes on the characteristics of a neighboring sound (the conditioning sound). Types: partial or complete, adjacent or non-adjacent, progressive or regressive.

• Regressive: The assimilated sound precedes and is affected by the conditioning

... Continue reading "English Phonetics: Connected Speech Processes and Phoneme Analysis" »

The Alliterative Revival

In Middle English poetry, alliterative verse experienced a resurgence known as the Alliterative Revival. While rhyme played a significant role in other forms, alliteration was the primary structural element in this movement.

William Langland and Piers Plowman

William Langland, believed to have been born in the West Midlands, was a prominent figure in the Alliterative Revival. His most famous work, Piers Plowman, offers potential autobiographical insights and suggests familiarity with London. Scholars speculate that he may have been a cleric of a lower class.

Piers Plowman: A Dream Vision

Piers Plowman is a verse allegory presented as a dream vision, a popular literary device in the Middle Ages used to convey truths or real... Continue reading "The Alliterative Revival and Estate Satire in Middle English Literature" »

The Evolution of Fandom and Participatory Culture

The term ‘fan’ is an abbreviation of the word fanatic, which comes from the Latin word ‘fanaticus’. This term originally carried religious connotations, referring to devotees and having secular faith, but it quickly assumed negative connotations in society.

Henry Jenkins, an American media scholar and lecturer of the second half of the 20^th century, addresses different phenomena related to the fan in his book Textual Poachers: Television Fans and Participatory Culture. He rejects common fan stereotypes such as the comic, nerdy, psychotic, and eroticized fan. Moreover, he expresses the fan as a defensible position within mass culture, challenging the view of fans as a scandalous category... Continue reading "Fan Culture, Social Power, and Virginia Woolf's Feminist Vision" »

Key Literary Concepts and Definitions

Literary Forms and Genres

Literature

The art or way to express oneself through written words and to keep a record.

Lyrics/Poetry

Written expression of thoughts, feelings, and desires, conveyed through suggestive and indirect language.

Epic

A narrative poem written in heroic hexameter. It has four constituent parts: plot, character, thought, and diction.

Drama

Poetic compositions designed to be acted in front of audiences in a theatron.

Tragedy

Defined as "the imitation of an action that is serious and also as having magnitude, complete in itself." It is a form of drama exciting the emotions of pity and fear.

Narrative Structure Elements

Plot

The structure or organization of events that make up a fictional story.... Continue reading "Essential Literary Terms and Definitions" »

Event Props: 3D, 2D, Built & Sculpted

3D Props: Constructed or Sculpted

3D props are either constructed or sculpted.

Tall columns can be constructed from seamless paper tubing. Doors, frames, pediments, pedestals, planters, and other items are available, depending on budget and local prop rental warehouses.

Advantages: Self-standing, usually easy to install.

Disadvantages: Expensive and bulky to handle, transport, and ship.

2D Props: Flats and Cutouts

2D props are rectangular two-dimensional props that are scenically or decoratively painted or covered with decorative fabric. A standard 2D prop is the cutout profile piece, which can consist of representational artwork that is “cut out” along its outline.

Numerous decorative 2D hard props are... Continue reading "Props for Events: 3D, 2D, Built & Sculpted - A Practical Guide" »

Scripted and Unscripted TV Programmes

Scripted programmes: dramas, situation comedies, comedy shows, soap operas, documentaries, etc.

Unscripted programmes: talk shows, game shows, reality shows, news, sport and current affairs, etc., and may be either live or recorded.

Basic Camera Shot Types

• The Rule of Thirds: Dividing the frame into 9 equal sections to make the picture more appealing to the eye. It might be better used as a guideline.
• Extreme Wide Shots (EWS): Act to establish the area.
• Wide Shots (WS): Show the entire person or area. They are great for establishing the scene and allow for good action of the characters. Sometimes this is known as the long shot.
• Medium Shots (MS): Frame the subject from the waist up. This is the most common shot

... Continue reading "Camera Shots and TV Programming: A Comprehensive Look" »