Understanding the Properties of Text and the Cantar de Mio Cid

1. The Text and Its Properties
Maximum unit of linguistic communication. It is characterized by its intentionality, reflecting a conscious effort by the issuer, including its text that sends a complete message that will be recognized by the issuer.
Features:
- Adaptation to the specific communicative situation in which to perform communication.
- Consistency in terms of contents, i.e., one-way and complete.
- Cohesion in their way. The issuer shall ensure the proper reception of the message using the necessary language procedures for the text to be correct and orderly.
2. Coherence
Consistency: A property that ensures the unity of the text from a semantic point of view. A text can be synthesized in one main idea that summarizes the overall content.
For a text to be consistent, its statements must meet the following requirements:
- Relationship.
- No contradiction.
3. Cohesion
Cohesion refers to the formal and linguistic mechanisms that the sender uses to relate the different statements.
Recurrence: Repeating certain words or ideas throughout the text.
Proformas: Substitutions of occasional meaning words (deictic) that refer to other words spoken in the text.
Use of textual or discourse markers: Words or phrases that indicate relations between statements.
4. Textual Markers
4.1. Organizers: The text structure or sequence thereof.
- Delimit: A unit indicating the beginning or end.
- They gather: Present content in an orderly manner.

4.2. Connectors: Relate ideas through the following semantic relationships:
- Temporary.
- In addition.
- In contrast.
- Cause and effect.
- Reformulation.

4.3. Discourse Operators: They guide the interpretation that the recipient must make of this statement, indicating the following:
- The point of view.
- The spatial or temporal context.
- The subject.

5. Cantar de Mio Cid
The Poem or Song of the Cid is the first epic poem preserved in Romance languages. The only extant manuscript was copied, it seems, by Per Abbat in the year 1307 and has, in its current condition, about 3700 verses.
5.1. Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar
The character exploits include Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar, an XI century Castilian gentleman belonging to the lower nobility of Castile. Certain political tensions remained with King Alfonso VI that led to his exile in 1081. Out of Castile, he achieved important accomplishments, among which is Valencia. Finally, he regained the confidence of the king. Based on these historical facts, the poem was composed, but it fabricated missing data and recreated particular issues concerning works of literature.
5.3. Structure
The poem is divided into three songs.
Song of Exile (vv. 1-1084): El Cid is slandered by jealous nobles, leading to his exile from the king of Castile. El Cid departs with his men, leaving his daughters and his wife, Jimena, in the care of the monks at the monastery of San Pedro de Cardena. He undertakes the recovery of his honor through various conquests that culminate in the kingdom of Valencia. Throughout this process, he continuously sends presents to the king to regain his confidence and achieve forgiveness.
Song of the Marriage (vv. 1085-2277): Once the king's confidence is restored, he prepares the wedding of the Cid's daughters, Dona Elvira and Dona Sol, with the heirs of Carrion. The infants consistently demonstrate their cowardice and only seek the Cid's daughters for economic interest.
Song of the Reproach of Corpes (vv. 2278-3733): The heirs of Carrion face the shame caused by their cowardice among the Cid's troops, outraging the Cid's daughters in the groves of Corpes. El Cid seeks justice from the king, and after summoning the Cortes, the infants must confront two men from the Cid's retinue. El Cid regains his honor, and the daughters are married to the infants of Navarra and Aragon.