Understanding Population Dynamics: Growth, Fertility, and Mortality

Understanding Population Dynamics

Population density is the ratio between the number of people and the land area occupied.

Birth rate is the number of births occurring in a population.

Fertility is the average number of children a woman has in her life.

Mortality is the number of deaths occurring in a population.

Infant mortality refers to children who die before completing their first year of life.

Vegetative growth is used to determine whether a population is growing.

Sources of Demographic Data

Key information for demographic analysis includes:

• Population of the reporting area
• Data contained within the source
• Institution that develops the data
• Periodicity of data collection

Census

Data: All the population of the country.

Source: Delhogar Demographic Data.

Institution: National Institute of Statistics.

Periodicity: Every 10 years.

Municipal Register (Padrón Municipal)

Data: Population living in a town, including births, deaths, and marital status.

Source: City records.

Periodicity: Daily.

Civil Registration

Data: Births, deaths, marriages, and divorces.

Source: Courts.

Periodicity: Daily.

World Population Evolution

Modern Demographic Regime Countries

• Spain
• Russia

Old Demographic Regime

• United Kingdom

First Demographic Transition

• Kenya
• United Kingdom

Second Demographic Transition

• China
• United Kingdom

Vegetative Growth of Population

Underdeveloped Countries

• Features: High birth rate, significant population growth.
• Causes: Farm populations view children as assets; high mortality encourages fertility; valuation based on the number of children; influence of religion; lack of family planning.
• Results: Population aging.
• Issues: Hunger, resource depletion, insufficient services, need for jobs.

Developed Countries

• Characteristics: Low birth rates, aging population.
• Causes: Women's incorporation into the labor market, delayed childbearing, use of modern contraception, modern mindset.
• Results: Population aging.
• Problems: Healthcare needs, insufficient resources for pensions, lack of economic initiatives, conservative mindset.

Population Growth Rates

• Above 3%: Mauritania, Mali, Angola, Afghanistan, Bhutan
• Between 1% and 3%: Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Chile, Turkey
• Between 0% and 1%: Canada, USA, Uruguay, Spain, Portugal
• Negative Growth: Russia, Italy, Romania, Poland, Lithuania