Understanding Population Dynamics: Growth, Fertility, and Mortality
Understanding Population Dynamics
Population density is the ratio between the number of people and the land area occupied.
Birth rate is the number of births occurring in a population.
Fertility is the average number of children a woman has in her life.
Mortality is the number of deaths occurring in a population.
Infant mortality refers to children who die before completing their first year of life.
Vegetative growth is used to determine whether a population is growing.
Sources of Demographic Data
Key information for demographic analysis includes:
- Population of the reporting area
- Data contained within the source
- Institution that develops the data
- Periodicity of data collection
Census
Data: All the population of the country.
Source: Delhogar Demographic Data.
Institution: National Institute of Statistics.
Periodicity: Every 10 years.
Municipal Register (Padrón Municipal)
Data: Population living in a town, including births, deaths, and marital status.
Source: City records.
Periodicity: Daily.
Civil Registration
Data: Births, deaths, marriages, and divorces.
Source: Courts.
Periodicity: Daily.
World Population Evolution
Modern Demographic Regime Countries
- Spain
- Russia
Old Demographic Regime
- United Kingdom
First Demographic Transition
- Kenya
- United Kingdom
Second Demographic Transition
- China
- United Kingdom
Vegetative Growth of Population
Underdeveloped Countries
- Features: High birth rate, significant population growth.
- Causes: Farm populations view children as assets; high mortality encourages fertility; valuation based on the number of children; influence of religion; lack of family planning.
- Results: Population aging.
- Issues: Hunger, resource depletion, insufficient services, need for jobs.
Developed Countries
- Characteristics: Low birth rates, aging population.
- Causes: Women's incorporation into the labor market, delayed childbearing, use of modern contraception, modern mindset.
- Results: Population aging.
- Problems: Healthcare needs, insufficient resources for pensions, lack of economic initiatives, conservative mindset.
Population Growth Rates
- Above 3%: Mauritania, Mali, Angola, Afghanistan, Bhutan
- Between 1% and 3%: Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Chile, Turkey
- Between 0% and 1%: Canada, USA, Uruguay, Spain, Portugal
- Negative Growth: Russia, Italy, Romania, Poland, Lithuania