Understanding Meiosis, DNA Replication, and Genetic Information Transfer

Meiosis and Genetic Variation

Question 58

Which of the following occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis?

B) synapsis of chromosomes

Question 59

Crossing over normally takes place during which of the following processes?

B) meiosis I

Question 60

Homologous pairs of chromosomes align opposite of each other at the equator of a cell during _____.

B) meiosis metaphase I

Question 61

When homologous chromosomes cross over, what occurs?

C) Corresponding segments of non-sister chromatids are exchanged.

DNA Structure and Replication

Question 62

Which of the following people conducted the experiments that demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material of bacteriophages?

B) Avery, Hershey and Chase

Question 63

One type of virus that infects bacteria is called a

A) phage.

Question 64

When a T2 bacteriophage infects an Escherichia coli cell, which part of the phage enters the bacterial cytoplasm?

C) only the DNA

Question 65

The shape of a DNA molecule is most like

C) a twisted rope ladder.

Question 66

DNA replication

C) produces two daughter DNA molecules that are complementary to each other.

Question 67

If one strand of DNA is CGGTAC, the corresponding strand would be

E) GCCATG.

Question 68

When one DNA molecule is copied to make two DNA molecules, the new DNA contains

C) 50% of the parent DNA.

Question 69

Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the elongation of a new DNA strand?

E) DNA polymerase

Question 70

Why does a DNA strand grow only in the 5' to 3' direction?

A) because DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing molecule

Transcription and Translation

Question 71

The transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA is called

B) transcription.

Question 72

Experiments have demonstrated that the "words" of the genetic code (the units that specify amino acids) are

C) three-nucleotide sequences.

Question 73

Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the linking together of RNA nucleotides to form RNA?

A) RNA polymerase

Question 74

Which of the following occurs when RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter DNA?

D) initiation of a new RNA molecule

Question 75

________ marks the end of a gene and causes transcription to stop.

C) A terminator

Question 76

Where do transcription and translation occur in prokaryotic cells?

C) in the cytoplasm

Question 77

Which of the following takes place during translation?

A) the conversion of genetic information from the language of nucleic acids to the language of amino acids