Understanding Grease and Lubricant Composition and Performance

Base Oil for Grease

The fluid component of a grease lubricant typically accounts for 90% of its weight and is a critical factor in determining overall performance. Key characteristics include base oil viscosity, volatility, and pour point.

Thickener for Greases

The thickener is the most influential element in grease composition. Greases are usually classified by the type of thickener used, which forms a fibrous structure that holds the oil much like a sponge holds water.

Additives for Fats

While some products contain only base oil and thickener, most greases include various additives to improve or alter their characteristics. These additives are used to provide antioxidant, anti-corrosion, and anti-wear properties.

Lubricant Fundamentals

A lubricant is a substance placed between two moving parts to prevent contact, even under high temperatures and pressures.

Role of Lubricants

• Cool hot engine parts and moving components.
• Clean and protect engine organs.
• Reduce friction and facilitate smooth motion.
• Protect internal engine surfaces from corrosion.

Properties of Lubricants

Essential properties include refrigeration, cleaning, protection, sealing, friction reduction, oxidation resistance, detergent-dispersant action, and moisture/corrosion inhibition.

Cooling

Oil acts as a coolant in the engine, supplementing other cooling systems such as the radiator, water pump, and cooling circuit.

Cleaning and Protection

Combustion waste and oxidized oil can lead to the formation of harmful deposits or layers.

Sealing

The lubricant helps seal engine components, ensuring the piston and cylinder liner remain as watertight as possible.

Reducing Friction

Proper lubrication is essential for examining and maintaining the mechanical properties of moving parts.

Protection Against Oxidation

High-quality oil protects engine parts from suffering corrosion and degradation.

Role of Detergent Dispersants

A rotating motor generates waste deposits that form layers on pistons and other moving parts; dispersants help manage these residues.

Additives Against Moisture and Corrosion

During combustion, water vapor is chemically formed. Furthermore, under low-temperature conditions or during short trips, fuel can condense, requiring additives to prevent moisture-related corrosion.