Understanding Freedom of Expression and Human Rights

1. The Right to Freedom of Expression

Article 19 of the UDHR establishes that "everyone has the right to hold opinions without interference." This includes the freedom to seek, receive, and disseminate information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of borders, whether orally, in writing, in print, through art, or by any other means of choice.

2. Balancing Free Opinion and Personal Rights

The exercise of free speech can sometimes conflict with the rights of others. Under individualistic principles, it is often difficult to discern when we are exercising our right to free opinion versus violating another person's right to their reputation and honor. We must exercise free opinion without infringing upon the rights of others to express and disseminate their own views.

3. Global Challenges to Free Speech

While governments claim to defend "freedom of expression" as enshrined in the Spanish Constitution and others worldwide, the reality is often different. Many individuals face imprisonment or worse simply for speaking out. Although the internet has expanded freedom of expression, governments in countries like Iran, China, and Vietnam have attempted to:

• Block internet access
• Cut mobile telephony networks
• Control access to digital information

Despite these efforts, they have not silenced the voices of those fighting for freedom of expression as a fundamental human right.

4. The Absolute Nature of Freedom of Thought

Freedom of thought is considered the most important manifestation of liberty. It is an absolute right that demands total abstention from public authorities and other individuals. It requires a commitment to non-interference, meaning:

• No one can be persecuted for their beliefs.
• No one can be sanctioned for thinking in a specific way.
• No one can be bothered for professing a certain opinion.

Nothing and nobody can justify interference with this core human function.