Tema 6 (música)

Impressionism: Composers wanted to express their impressions of things. Music in impressionism has indefinite or fragmented melodies. Impressionist sounds are created with: Sophisticated chords; Pentatonic, ancient or tone scales; Special use of certain instruments in the orchestra. Claude Debussy (La mer, Nuages and Prélude à l´après-midi d´un faune). Expressionism: Rejects everything that had been considered beautiful before. This music has no tonality and a lot of dissonance. The melodies jump up or down in big intervals, there isn´t much repetition and composers use sprechgesang (it´s an expressionist vocal technique between singing and speaking). Arnold Schöenberg (Pierrot Lunaire), Alban Berg (Wozzeck). Nationalism: Zoltán Kodály (Galántai táncok/Hungary), Vaughan Williams (Norfolk Rhapsody/England), Dimitri Shostakovich (Leningrad symphony/Russia), Jean Sibelius (Symphonic Poem/Finland), George Gershwin (An American in Paris/Rhapsody in Blue/USA), Manuel de Falla (El amor brujo/El sombrero de tres picos/Spain). Neoclassicism: Stravinsky is one of the most prominent composers (The Firebird, Petrushka, The Rite of Spring). Stravinsky wrote works that referred to music from the Classical period and even earlier. Paul Hindemith (Mathis der Maler). Experimental: Experimental music is music that almost completely breaks away from traditional instruments and ways of composing. Some experimental music doesn´t even use traditional music notation. Edgar Varése (Lonisation). Musique concrète: Based on the recording of "natural" sounds which are transformed electronically (Pierre Schaeffer/Pierre Henry-Symphonie pour un homme seul). Electronic music: Based on creating new sounds using noise generators, synthesisers, etc. Creates new sounds from nature or pre-existing instruments. (Kartheinz Stockhausen-Kontakte). Aleatoric music: Incorporates elements of chance in the composition (John Cage-Amores).