Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) vs. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
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Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)
SEA (Directive 2001/42): Evaluates the environmental consequences of policies, plans, and programs to ensure environmental considerations are properly included and addressed early in decision-making. It considers social and economic consequences equally.
Differences Between SEA and EIA
SEA vs. EIA: While EIA is involved in the planning process, it is often a late and punctual assessment, applying to projects after they have already been defined. SEA operates at a higher level of planning, ensuring environmental aspects are considered early in policy formulation.
Advantages of SEA over EIA
Advantages of SEA: SEA assesses different alternatives early in the planning process and provides cumulative impacts of multiple projects. EIA only provides alternatives for a single project and often after many decisions have already been made.
Integrated Environmental Authorization (AAI)
AAI: The AAI is a resolution from the autonomous administration where the installation is located. It is granted to protect human health and the environment. It allows the operation of all or part of an installation under specific conditions designed to ensure compliance with legal requirements.
Substantive Authorizations
Substantive authorizations are legal requirements for industries subject to prior authorization.
Purpose of the AAI
The purpose of the AAI is to set conditions to ensure compliance with the law. It coordinates different public administrations involved in granting approval, streamlining paperwork and reducing burdens on individuals.
Contents of the AAI Application
The AAI application includes a basic project with:
- Detailed description and scope of the activity
- Documentation required for the municipal license
- State of the environment where the installation will be located and its potential impacts
- Resources employed
- Sources of emissions
- Type and amount of emissions
- Technology intended to prevent, reduce, and manage emissions
- Measures to reduce emissions
- Basic measures and systems
The application also includes a council report and determination of data provided by the applicant.