Spanish Political History: 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Classified in History
Written at on English with a size of 4.44 KB.
Key Concepts in Spanish Political History
Constitution: A state law that includes the rights, freedoms, and duties of a country.
Nationalist Movements: Based on liberal and Romantic ideas.
Nation: A group of people who live in the same place, sharing a language, traditions, and laws.
Renaissance: A cultural movement that appeared in the 19th century, directed by the bourgeoisie, with liberal ideas of Romanticism.
Key Periods and Events
Characteristics of the Cadiz Constitution: Parliamentary monarchy, universal male suffrage, national sovereignty, feudal rights, and economic freedom.
Liberal Triennium (1820-1823): A pronouncement was made stating that King Ferdinand VII could no longer govern. The Holy Alliance restored the old regime.
Moderate Liberals: Advocated for power-sharing between the courts and the king, census suffrage, centralized power, individual rights, the National Guard, and seizures. Led by Narváez.
Progressive Liberals: Believed power resided in the courts, advocated for universal suffrage, decentralized power, individual rights, the National Militia, and seizures. Led by Mendizábal, Espartero, and Prim.
Liberal Union: A union between moderate and progressive liberals, led by General O'Donnell. The Glorious Revolution and the crisis and decline of the monarchy led to a pronouncement directed by Prim, Serrano, and Topete.
General Pavía handed the presidency to General Serrano, who tried to stabilize a republican regime.
Timeline of Spanish Rulers and Governments
- Charles IV: 1807-1808
- Joseph Bonaparte: 1808-1814 (during the Peninsular War)
- Ferdinand VII: 1814-1833 (Restoration of Absolutism)
- Isabella II: 1833-1868 (Construction of the Liberal State)
- Provisional Government: 1868-1870
- Amadeo I: 1870-1873
- First Republic: 1873-1875
- Alfonso XII: 1875-1885
- Alfonso XIII: 1885-1931 (Bourbon Restoration)
The Salic Law prohibited women from governing. A pronouncement is a military uprising with the objective of changing the government.
Key Dates and Events
- 1807: Treaty of Fontainebleau
- 1808: Mutiny of Aranjuez
- 1812: Constitution of Cadiz
- 1814: End of the Peninsular War, return of Ferdinand VII
- 1820: Riego's Pronouncement
- 1823: Intervention of the Holy Alliance
- 1833: Death of Ferdinand VII, First Carlist War begins
- 1836: Disentailment of Mendizábal
- 1837: Progressive Constitution
- 1845: Moderate Constitution
- 1848: First train in Barcelona
- 1851: Railways in Madrid
- 1855: Disentailment of Madoz
- 1868: The Glorious Revolution
- 1869: Monarchical Constitution
- 1872: Third Carlist War begins
- 1873: Abdication of Amadeo I, proclamation of the First Republic
- 1874: Pavia's Coup, Pronouncement of Sagunto, return of Alfonso XII, Bourbon Restoration
- 1885: Memorial of Grievances
- 1885-1902: Regency of Maria Christina of Habsburg
- 1898: Independence of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines
- 1902: Alfonso XIII comes of age