Spanish Literature: The Experimental Novel of the 60s and 70s

The 60s: The Experimental and Structural Novel

In the early 60s, social realism was considered exhausted, and authors began to incorporate the contributions of great foreign novelists. This period marked a structural and experimental renovation, utilizing techniques that sought to destroy the traditional character and plot.

Major Features

• Non-linear structure: Stories are presented in sequences.
• Subordinated plot: The argument is relegated to the background.
• Kaleidoscopic technique: Stories occur alternatively.
• Multiple perspectives: The author disappears, and the reader experiences the story through various viewpoints using 1st, 2nd, and 3rd person.
• Stylistic shifts: Preference for free indirect style and internal monologue over traditional dialogue.
• Symbolism: Descriptions are metaphorical or symbolic.
• Characterization: Characters receive individualized treatment.
• Disrupted chronology: Use of flashbacks and in medias res openings with open-ended conclusions.
• Intertextuality: Inclusion of texts from different sources, such as factual or journalistic reports.

Key Authors of the 60s

• Luis Martín-Santos: Time of Silence. Follows the structural narrative model using internal monologue, perspectivism, and temporal disorder while maintaining social commitment.
• Juan Marsé: Transitioned from critical realism to social critique of the bourgeoisie. Last Evenings with Teresa features abundant internal monologue and parodic elements.
• Juan Benet: Characterized by minimal dialogue and extensive monologues. Recreates the Civil War in a mythical setting in works like Return to Region.

The 70s: The Generation of '68

Narrative structures simplified as the novel recovered the importance of plot, characters, and dialogue. Authors returned to 1st and 3rd person perspectives without mixing them, focusing on existential concerns. New genres emerged, including crime thrillers, science fiction, sagas, and adventure stories.

Notable Authors and Trends

• Experimentalism: Luis Goytisolo
• Neorealism: Miguel Delibes
• Historical Novel: Antonio Muñoz Molina
• Humoristic Trends: Eduardo Mendoza

Storytellers publishing from the 80s onwards followed individual paths, largely moving away from experimental attempts. Diverse trends emerged, covering intimate, erotic, historical, political, and adventure themes.