Spanish Grammar: Determinative Adjectives and Verb Tenses

Determinative Adjectives and Pronouns

Determinative adjectives accompany a noun to identify specific realities. Pronouns are words that replace nouns within a sentence and function as nominal phrases.

Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns are a complex category with various forms based on specific grammatical features:

• Person: First, second, and third person.
• Number: Singular and plural.
• Gender: Masculine, feminine, and neuter.
• Function: Subject, direct object (DO), indirect object (IO), or attribute.
• Reflexivity: Reflexive versus non-reflexive forms.
• Prepositional Status: Tonic pronouns (appear with prepositions) and atonic pronouns (do not appear with prepositions).

Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns

Possessives are divided into two systems:

• Preposed (Short form): Always precede the noun (e.g., mi, tu, su, nuestro).
• Postposed/Autonomous (Full form): Follow the noun or function independently (e.g., mío, tuyo, suyo, nuestro).

Demonstrative Adjectives

Demonstratives indicate the proximity of an object or situation relative to the speaker.

Spanish Verb Conjugation

Indicative Mood

• Pretérito pluscuamperfecto: I had given
• Present perfect: I have given
• Pretérito perfecto simple: I gave
• Pretérito imperfecto: I was
• Pretérito anterior: I had given
• Future: I will give
• Future perfect: I will have given

Subjunctive Mood

• Present: I win
• Future: I win
• Future perfect: I will have won
• Conditional: I would win
• Conditional compound: I would have won