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 29. Proteins: large polypeptides, short peptides and amino acids, and amino acid. They are digested by pepsin, trypsin, and chimotripsonogen. Carbohydrates: Polysaccharides, disaccharides, and monosaccharaides. They are digested by salivary amylase, and pancreatic amylase. Lipids: triglycerides, fatty acids, and small lipid globules. They are digested by lingual lipase, pancreatic lipase, and gastric lipase. 30. Saturated fats have not double bounds in their chemically structure. Unsaturated fats ha more than one double bound in their chemically structure. 31. Deamination takes place primarily in the liver. It is used to break down amino acid for energy. 32. Essential fatty acid are fatty acids that humans and other animals must ingest because the body requires them for good health but cannot synthesize the. Nonessential fatty acids are those which are not essential for our diet. 33. Glycolysis is a process in where glucose is broken down into two pyruvate molecules. These pyruvate molecules go from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria where is converted into acetyl CoA molecule. This molecule enters to the Kreb Cycle where a serie of phospholirizations make molecules of ATP. 34. Food rich of fats: Avocados, cheese, dark chocolate, whole eggs, etc. Food rich in proteins: Eggs, almonds, chicken breast, Greek yogurt, milk, etc. Food rich in carbohydrates: Quinoa, banana, apple, sweet potato, legume, etc. 35. Calorie is the amount of heat it takes to raise 1kg of water to 1 C. 36. The basal metabolic rate describes the amount of daily energy expended by humans at rest. 37. Vitamins are organic components found in the food. They are involved in a lot of process, such as mineral and bone metabolism, cell and tissue growth, and they act as cofactors of energy metabolism. Minerals are inorganic compounds that work with other nutrients to ensure the body function properly. They cannot be made in the body, so they have to be ingested with the diet. 38. Malnutrition is a condition that results from eating a diet in which nutrients are either not enough or are too much such that the diet causes health problems. 39. Fat soluble vitamins can accumulate in the lipid stored in the body, and are absorbed with fats in the gastrointestinal tract. Fat water vitamins are not stored in the body and are absorbed with water in the gastrointestinal tract.