The Rise of Liberalism in Spain: From Absolute Monarchy to Parliamentary Rule

Classified in History

Written at on English with a size of 2.49 KB.

Charles III Ruled in Spain Until His Death

Ancien Régime: Political, Social, and Economic Characteristics of the States Before the French and Industrial Revolutions (Late Eighteenth Century)

King = Ruler (executive, legislative, judicial)

  • Absolute Monarchy: Concentration of powers, the king is the law and sovereignty of divine origin, subjects with no rights or freedoms.
  • Stratified Society: Legal inequality, privileges by birth, privileged classes (nobility, clergy), non-privileged estates (Third Estate).
  • Agricultural Sector: Land is the primary source of wealth and power. Nobility is honorable (economic and political power). The Third Estate has no privileges (peasantry, bourgeoisie).
  • Business: The secondary source of wealth. The bourgeoisie has economic power without political power.

Liberal State: Political Structure, Social, and Economic Characteristics of the States After the French and Industrial Revolutions

  • Parliamentary Monarchy: Division of powers, constitution (the law is king), national sovereignty, citizens (census suffrage).
  • Class Society: Legal equality, individual freedom, rights, and freedoms.
  • Industrial Economics: Industry is the primary source of wealth, economic liberalism, private property. The bourgeoisie has economic and political power.

Sovereign Nation (Executive Power: Government, Legislative Branch: Courts (MPs), Judiciary: Judges)

Nation: Body of citizen members with restricted voting rights (census suffrage "Voting rights in respect of men over 25 years, with a certain income level")

People: Body of citizen members with universal voting rights ("universal suffrage" Voting rights in respect of men and women over 25 years, expanded to 21 and 18 years)

Sovereignty: Source of legitimate political power.

The First Rise of Liberalism in Spain: Challenges

  • War of Independence (1808-1814): The transition to a Liberal State occurred simultaneously with the war against Napoleon.
  • Ideological Diversity: Absolutists, liberal Carlists, moderates, etc.
  • Military Pronouncements: Military coups to bring about changes of government via weapons instead of the ballot box.

Entradas relacionadas: