The Plant Kingdom: Features, Functions, and Types of Plants
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THE PLANT KINGDOM
PLANTS
The plant kingdom is made up of a wide variety of many different species. Common features are laid out below.
They are multicellular, grow and develop throughout their lives, and have eukaryotic plant cells with a nucleus and organelles with membranes and a rigid cellulose structural layer: the cell wall.
VITAL FUNCTIONS
- NUTRITION: The energy they need comes from the sun through photosynthesis and from certain chemical reactions.
- INTERACTION: They cannot move around, but some make certain movements and their seeds can travel far.
- REPRODUCTION: They can reproduce by asexual or sexual reproduction, or a combination of both.
NUTRITION
PHOTOSYNTHESIS: is the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.
CELLULAR RESPIRATION: Cellular respiration is the process that occurs in the mitochondria of organisms to break down sugar in the presence of oxygen to release energy. These processes release carbon dioxide and water as waste products.
VASCULAR SYSTEM: The plant vascular system is a complicated network of conducting tissues that interconnects all organs and transports water, minerals, nutrients, organic compounds, and various signaling molecules throughout the plant body.
TYPES OF PLANTS
NON-FLOWERING AND SEEDLESS PLANTS
MOSSES
They have the following structures:
- RHIZOIDS: Short, thin filaments that anchor the plant.
- SETA: A stem-like axis that forms the central part of the plant.
- PHYLLODES: Leaf-like parts involved in capturing light and absorbing water.
FERNS
They have three different parts:
- True roots: Which absorb substances and anchor the plant to the ground.
- Stems or rhizomes: Which grow underground.
- Large leaves, known as fronds.